Long Motor & Sensory Pathways Flashcards
corticospinal tract: primary motor pathway for voluntary willed ____ control
motor
how many neurons in the corticospinal tract?
two neurons
coericospinal pathway from cerebral cortex to arm
pyramids are part of the ____
medulla oblongata
where is the synapse of upper and lower motor neuron? (corticospinal)
ventral horn of gray matter
order these from top to bottom: pons, pyramids, cerebral cortex, medulla, midbrain
cerebral cortex
midbrain
pons
medulla
pyramids
upper motor neurons arises from the
cerebral cortex
the pre-central gyrus is the _____ ______ cortex
primary motor
what is the yellow? what is the green dotted line?
pre-central gyrus
central sulcus
homunculus means “ “
little man
motor homunculus has a ______ distribution of neuroplasticity
uneven distribution
the ratio of the amount of upper neuron cell bodies
path that upper motor neurons take
pre-central gyrus (primary motor cortex)
midbrain - cerebral peduncle
pons - pons proper
medulla
pyramid
spinal cord
UMN’s descending in the brainstem influence muscles on the ______ side of the body
contralateral
upper motor neurons run through what part of the spinal cord?
later part of white matter (funiculus “cable”)
where is the corticospinal tract found in the spinal cord?
lateral part of white matter
funiculus
where is the UMN to LMN synapse?
ventral horn
neuromuscular junction has what neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
the LMN synapses with a _____ ______ receptor
Nm
nicotinic cholinergic receptor
Corticospinal tract summary:
UMN arise from
Axon descends _______
Axon descends in the spinal cord and synapses in the _______
LMN exits the _____ ____ to the _____ root, then _____ ____
Lastly to skeletal muscle
decussation of long motor pathways
occurs at pyramids
Where would a UMN lesion happen?
from cerebral cortex to length of spinal cord
symptoms of UMN lesion
muscle weakness
hypertonia/tight muscles
no muscle atrophy
hyper-reflexia
babinski sign
where would a LMN lesion happen?
from ventral horn to neuromuscular junction
symptoms of LMN lesion
Hypotonia/flaccid muscles
Prominent muscle atrophy
Hypo-reflexia (DTRs)
Fasciculations
what motor loss would be expected if the right corticospinal tract @ the L4 spinal cord region were damaged?
L4 and everything below L4
what motor loss would be expected if the right cerebral peduncle was injured?
left side
- from the right midbrain to the pyramids (medulla)
- from the left pyramids all the way down
cerebral peduncle (midbrain) is before the decussation (crossing)
facial motor nucleus to the forehead is stimulated by UMNs from the:
- contralateral cerebral cortex
- ipsilateral cerebral cortex
pathways of facial motor neurons
how many facial motor neurons stem from R/L side and where do they go?
Right:
- three MNs
- two crosses to the left (forehead and cheek)
- one is ipsilateral (forehead)
Left:
- three MN
- two crosses to the right (forehead and cheek)
- one is ipsilateral (forehead)
if right facial motor neurons are damaged what areas would droop?
left cheek droops
the right side is normal because left MNs innervate
the left forehead is normal because left MNs innervate
what location has a nerve injury
right facial canal
LMN problem because the forehead is also drooping
what location has a nerve injury?
left primary motor cortex
The forehead is not droopy so it is a UMN problem
how to determine if the facial motor neuron injury is at UMN or LMN?
order of long sensory pathways in words (basic)
Receptor is stimulated→sensation relayed by neurons→spinal cord→thalamus→cerebral cortex→ consciousness is perceived
if the nerve damage is at the dorsal root ganglion,
identify the effects this patient
would most likely present with?
no sensory info
*at that level
sensations
vibration
proprioception
fine touch (discriminative)
pain
temperature
crude touch (non-discriminative)
each sensation is transmitted by ______ neurons through dorsal root
sensory
what part of spinal cord transports somatic sensory input to the cerebral cortex?
white matter
spinal cord white matter contains 2 major ascending pathways for somatic sensation which are:
DCML: dorsal column medial lemniscus
ALS: anterior lateral system
what sensations use the DCML of white matter?
vibration
proprioception
what sensations use the ALS of white matter?
pain
temperature
crude touch (discriminative)