Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Form & Function > Long Motor & Sensory Pathways > Flashcards

Long Motor & Sensory Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

corticospinal tract: primary motor pathway for voluntary willed ____ control

A

motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how many neurons in the corticospinal tract?

A

two neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

coericospinal pathway from cerebral cortex to arm

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pyramids are part of the ____

A

medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where is the synapse of upper and lower motor neuron? (corticospinal)

A

ventral horn of gray matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

order these from top to bottom: pons, pyramids, cerebral cortex, medulla, midbrain

A

cerebral cortex
midbrain
pons
medulla
pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

upper motor neurons arises from the

A

cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the pre-central gyrus is the _____ ______ cortex

A

primary motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the yellow? what is the green dotted line?

A

pre-central gyrus
central sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

homunculus means “ “

A

little man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

motor homunculus has a ______ distribution of neuroplasticity

A

uneven distribution
the ratio of the amount of upper neuron cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

path that upper motor neurons take

A

pre-central gyrus (primary motor cortex)
midbrain - cerebral peduncle
pons - pons proper
medulla
pyramid
spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

UMN’s descending in the brainstem influence muscles on the ______ side of the body

A

contralateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

upper motor neurons run through what part of the spinal cord?

A

later part of white matter (funiculus “cable”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where is the corticospinal tract found in the spinal cord?

A

lateral part of white matter
funiculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is the UMN to LMN synapse?

A

ventral horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

neuromuscular junction has what neurotransmitter?

A

Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the LMN synapses with a _____ ______ receptor

A

Nm
nicotinic cholinergic receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Corticospinal tract summary:
UMN arise from
Axon descends _______
Axon descends in the spinal cord and synapses in the _______

LMN exits the _____ ____ to the _____ root, then _____ ____
Lastly to skeletal muscle

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

decussation

A

occurs at pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where would a UMN lesion happen?

A

from cerebral cortex to length of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

symptoms of UMN lesion

A

muscle weakness
hypertonia/tight muscles
no muscle atrophy
hyper-reflexia
babinski sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where would a LMN lesion happen?

A

from ventral horn to neuromuscular junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

symptoms of LMN lesion

A

Hypotonia/flaccid muscles
Prominent muscle atrophy
Hypo-reflexia (DTRs)
Fasciculations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what motor loss would be expected if the right corticospinal tract @ the L4 spinal cord region were damaged?

A

L4 and everything below L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what motor loss would be expected if the right cerebral peduncle was injured?

A

left side
- from the right midbrain to the pyramids (medulla)
- from the left pyramids all the way down

cerebral peduncle (midbrain) is before the decussation (crossing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

facial motor nucleus to the forehead is stimulated by UMNs from the:

A
  • contralateral cerebral cortex
  • ipsilateral cerebral cortex
28
Q

pathways of facial motor neurons

A
29
Q

how many facial motor neurons stem from R/L side and where do they go?

A

Right:
- three MNs
- two crosses to the left (forehead and cheek)
- one is ipsilateral (forehead)

Left:
- three MN
- two crosses to the right (forehead and cheek)
- one is ipsilateral (forehead)

30
Q

if right facial motor neurons are damaged what areas would droop?

A

left cheek droops

the right side is normal because left MNs innervate
the left forehead is normal because left MNs innervate

31
Q

what location has a nerve injury

A

right facial canal

LMN problem because the forehead is also drooping

32
Q

what location has a nerve injury?

A

left primary motor cortex

The forehead is not droopy so it is a UMN problem

33
Q

how to determine if the facial motor neuron injury is at UMN or LMN?

A
34
Q

order of long sensory pathways in words (basic)

A

Receptor is stimulated→sensation relayed by neurons→spinal cord→thalamus→cerebral cortex→ consciousness is perceived

35
Q

if the nerve damage is at the dorsal root ganglion,
identify the symptom(s) this patient
would most likely present with?

A

sensation = sensory = afferent = dorsal root

36
Q

sensations

A

vibration
proprioception
fine touch (discriminative)
pain
temperature
crude touch (non-discriminative)

37
Q

each sensation is transmitted by ______ neurons through dorsal root

A

sensory

38
Q

what part of spinal cord transports somatic sensory input to the cerebral cortex?

A

white matter

39
Q

spinal cord white matter contains 2 major ascending pathways for somatic sensation which are:

A

DCML: dorsal column medial lemniscus

ALS: anterior lateral system

40
Q

what sensations use the DCML of white matter?

A

vibration
proprioception
fine touch (discriminative)

41
Q

what sensations use the ALS of white matter?

A

pain
temperature
crude touch (discriminative)

42
Q

sensory dissociation

A

pain/temp pathways ascend the spinal cord separately from vibration/proprioception

43
Q

how many neurons do the DMCL and ALS systems use to get from the skin to the cerebral cortex?

A

three

44
Q

what sensory neuron of DMCL/ALS systems does the decussation occur?

A

2nd order neuron

45
Q

anterior lateral system ALS is also known as…

A

spinothalamic tract

46
Q

where is ALS located in the spinal cord?

A
47
Q

where is the synapse of the 1st-order and 2nd-order neuron?

A

dorsal horn

48
Q

where is the synapse of the 2nd-order and 3rd-order neuron?

A

thalamus

49
Q

what order neuron is the longest? ALS

A

2nd-order neuron

50
Q

overview of ALS

A
51
Q
A
52
Q

if the right ALS on L4 is damaged… what will be lost and where?

A

pain/temp on the left side at/below L4

vibration would be ok

53
Q

if the left ALS at level T4 is damaged… what will be lost and where?

A

pain/temp on the right side at/below T4

vibration would be ok

54
Q
A

A

55
Q

DCML stands for

A

dorsal column medial lemniscus

56
Q

what sensations are associated with DCML?

A

vibration
proprioception

57
Q

DCML pathway from foot to cerebral cortex

A
58
Q
A
59
Q
A

D

orient: thoracic level spinal cord injury bc less gray matter

ALS (pain/temp) crosses at the level
DCML (vib/pro) crosses at spinomedullary junction

Right spinal cord injury
Left ALS impaired (loss of pain/temp)
Right DCML impaired (loss of vib/pro)

60
Q

how many cranial nerves?

A

12

61
Q

how many parts of the brainstem?

A

3
midbrain
pons
medulla

62
Q

trigeminal is what nerve?

A

cranial nerve 5
CN V

63
Q

distribution of trigeminal nerve (CN V)

A

CN V-1: ophthalmic
CN V-2: maxillary branch
CN C-3: mandibular branch

64
Q

How many neurons are involved in somatic sensation to get from a facial dermatome to
the cerebral cortex (post-central gyrus)?

A

3 neurons
3 neurons, 3 synapses, 1 decussation (crossing)

65
Q

trigeminal cell bodies of 1st order neurons is in the…

A

trigeminal ganglion

66
Q

nucleus vs ganglion (NS)

A

nucleus (in central)
ganglion (in peripheral)

67
Q

trigeminal 2nd order neurons ____

A

cross

Human Form & Function (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions