Digestive System Flashcards
lining of digestive system
parietal peritoneum
mesentery
visceral peritoneum
what connects the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum?
mesentery
the greater/lesser omentum defines what two spaces on the abdomen?
greater sac
lesser sac (omental bursa)
greater omentum and lesser omentum are components of the ______
mesentery
greater omentum of the ______ border of the stomach to the transverse colon
inferior
*drapes over the rest of the GI tract
label:
parietal peritoneum
visceral peritoneum
mesentery (greater/lesser omentum)
all the components of the peritoneal cavity
parietal peritoneum
visceral peritoneum
mesentery (greater/lesser omentum)
mesentery formation sets up three classes of organs:
- intraperitoneal - covered in the peritoneum, associated with mesentery
- secondary retroperitoneal - originates within but merges back behind peritoneum (parts of the gut tube)
- primary retroperitoneal - develops and stays behind (retro) the peritoneum (kidney)
peritoneal organs are …
covered in peritoneum and has mesentery attached to it
what are the peritoneal organs?
stomach
small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
spleen
liver
gallbladder
appendix
some large intestine (transverse, sigmoid)
is the duodenum a peritoneal organ?
YES
only the first part is peritoneal
the rest is secondary retroperitoneal
what are the primary retroperitoneal organs?
kidneys
supra renal (adrenal) glands
retro means…
behind
primary retroperitoneal organs never enter the cavity during development, they stay ______ the peritoneal cavity
behind (retro)
what are the secondary retroperitoneal organs?
duodenum (descending, horizontal, some ascending)
pancreas
colon (ascending and descending)
rectum
function of the stomach
primarily digestion (proteases)
some absorption
sections of the stomach
duodenum
there are four sections of the duodenum. what sections are secondary retroperitoneal?
section 2-4
section 1 is peritoneal (has mesentery)
where does the gall bladder enter the digestive system?
duodenum
major duodenal pailla only
where does the pancreas enter the digestive system?
duodenum
major and minor duodenal papilla
gallbladder
storage and concentration of bile (lipid digestion)
pancreas
bicarbonate (acid neutralization)
enzymes (digestion)
liver
breakdown of food (production of bile, hormones, enzymes, etc)
filtering of blood (absorbs nutrients from the gut tube)
pancreas has two function classes:
endocrine: released directly into the bloodstream (reg. blood sugar - insulin)
exocrine: released through ducts into body surfaces (digestion and acid neutralization - enzymes/bicarbonate)
what three structures travel together through the hepatoduodenal ligament?
bile duct
portal vein
proper hepatic artery
top: minor duodenal papilla
bottom: major duodenal papilla (ampulla of Vater)
small intestine is composed of…
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
where does most of the food digestion occur?
small intestine
what part of the small intestine has more gastric folds?
jejunum
what does an increase in gastric folds do?
increase surface area = more absorption
why do we have less internal surface as we pass along the gut tube?
less absorption needs to occur as we progress through the gut tube
large intestine is composed of…
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
right flexure
transverse colon
left flexure
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
what is primarily absorbed in the large intestine?
water!!!
ileocecal orifice
entry from ileum to colon (large intestine)
tenia coli
longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the large intestine
haustra
bulges caused by tenia coli of the large intestine
semilunar folds
depressions/internal ridges found between haustra
epiploic appendices
fat-filled peritoneal pouches of the large intestine
kidneys _____ blood
kidneys produce ____
filters blood
produce urine
adrenal glands:
____ response
___ hormones
____-olism
_____ system
Stress response
Sex hormones
Metabolism
Immune system
the spleen _____ blood cells
and has _____ functions
the spleen removes blood cells
and has immune functions
just study
what portions are foregut, midgut, and hindgut?
foregut contains the…
end of the esophagus to the 2nd part of the duodenum
midgut contains the
last two parts of the duodenum to the initial 2/3 of the transverse colon
hindgut contains the…
last 1/3 of transverse colon to rectum
vascular supply of foregut, midgut, hindgut
foregut: celiac trunk
midgut: superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
hindgut: inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
celiac trunk supplies the ___-gut
foregut
superior mesenteric artery supplies the ___-gut
midgut
inferior mesenteric artery supplies the ___-gut
hindgut
sympathetic innervation of foregut, midgut, hindgut
foregut: greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)
midgut: lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-T11)
hindgut: least splanchnic nerve (T12)
parasympathetic innervation of foregut, midgut, hindgut
foregut: vagus nerve
midgut: vagus nerge
hindgut: S2-S4
what is the sympathetic & parasympathetic innervation of the foregut?
symp: greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)
para: vagus nerve
what is the sympathetic & parasympathetic innervation of the mid?
symp: lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-T11)
para: vagus nerve
what is the sympathetic & parasympathetic innervation of the hindgut?
symp: least splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)
para: S2-S4
blood supply and innervation of foregut
celiac trunk (blood supply)
greater splanchnic nerve (symp)
vagus nerve (para)
blood supply and innervation of midgut
superior mesenteric artery (blood supply)
lesser splanchnic nerve (symp)
vagus nerve (para)
blood supply and innervation of hindgut
inferior mesenteric artery (blood supply)
least splanchnic nerve (symp)
S2-S4 (para)
study
celiac trunk branches off into… (3)
common hepatic artery
left gastric artery
splenic artery
the splenic artery branches off into… (3)
*splenic branches from celiac trunk
splenic artery:
- short gastric artery
- left gastroomental artery
- pancreatic branch
the common hepatic artery branches off into … (3)
common hepatic artery:
- right gastric artery
- gastroduodenal artery
- hepatic artery proper
*common hepatic branches from the celiac trunk
the gastroduodenal artery branches into … (3)
gastroduodenal artery:
- right gastroomental artery
- superior pancreatico-duodenal artery
- duodenal branches
celiac trunk –> common hepatic –> gastroduodenal
superior mesenteric artery major branches:
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
jejuna and ileal arteries
ileocolic artery
right colic artery
middle colic artery
inferior mesenteric artery major branches:
left colic artery
sigmoid arteries
superior rectal artery
all blood from the gut tube drains into the liver via the
PORTAL SYSTEM
inferior mesenteric vein drains into the …
splenic vein
and then to the portal vein
the superior mesenteric vein merges with the ____ to form the portal vein
splenic vein
what are the four major veins that drain the gut tube?
- inferior mesenteric vein
- superior mesenteric vein
- splenic vein
- portal vein
-IMV drains into splenic v.
- splenic v + SMV = portal vein
