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Human Form & Function > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

lining of digestive system

A

parietal peritoneum
mesentery
visceral peritoneum

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3
Q

what connects the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum?

A

mesentery

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4
Q

the greater/lesser omentum defines what two spaces on the abdomen?

A

greater sac
lesser sac (omental bursa)

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5
Q

greater omentum and lesser omentum are components of the ______

A

mesentery

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6
Q

greater omentum of the ______ border of the stomach to the transverse colon

A

inferior

*drapes over the rest of the GI tract

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7
Q

label:
parietal peritoneum
visceral peritoneum
mesentery (greater/lesser omentum)

A
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8
Q

all the components of the peritoneal cavity

A

parietal peritoneum
visceral peritoneum
mesentery (greater/lesser omentum)

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9
Q

mesentery formation sets up three classes of organs:

A
  1. intraperitoneal - covered in the peritoneum, associated with mesentery
  2. secondary retroperitoneal - originates within but merges back behind peritoneum (parts of the gut tube)
  3. primary retroperitoneal - develops and stays behind (retro) the peritoneum (kidney)
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10
Q
A
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11
Q

peritoneal organs are …

A

covered in peritoneum and has mesentery attached to it

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12
Q

what are the peritoneal organs?

A

stomach
small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
spleen
liver
gallbladder
appendix
some large intestine (transverse, sigmoid)

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13
Q

is the duodenum a peritoneal organ?

A

YES
only the first part is peritoneal

the rest is secondary retroperitoneal

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14
Q

what are the primary retroperitoneal organs?

A

kidneys
supra renal (adrenal) glands

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15
Q

retro means…

A

behind

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16
Q

primary retroperitoneal organs never enter the cavity during development, they stay ______ the peritoneal cavity

A

behind (retro)

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17
Q

what are the secondary retroperitoneal organs?

A

duodenum (descending, horizontal, some ascending)
pancreas
colon (ascending and descending)
rectum

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18
Q

function of the stomach

A

primarily digestion (proteases)

some absorption

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19
Q

sections of the stomach

A
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20
Q
A

duodenum

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21
Q

there are four sections of the duodenum. what sections are secondary retroperitoneal?

A

section 2-4

section 1 is peritoneal (has mesentery)

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22
Q

where does the gall bladder enter the digestive system?

A

duodenum

major duodenal pailla only

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23
Q

where does the pancreas enter the digestive system?

A

duodenum

major and minor duodenal papilla

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24
Q

gallbladder

A

storage and concentration of bile (lipid digestion)

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25
Q

pancreas

A

bicarbonate (acid neutralization)

enzymes (digestion)

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26
Q

liver

A

breakdown of food (production of bile, hormones, enzymes, etc)

filtering of blood (absorbs nutrients from the gut tube)

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27
Q

pancreas has two function classes:

A

endocrine: released directly into the bloodstream (reg. blood sugar - insulin)

exocrine: released through ducts into body surfaces (digestion and acid neutralization - enzymes/bicarbonate)

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28
Q

what three structures travel together through the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

bile duct

portal vein

proper hepatic artery

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29
Q
A

top: minor duodenal papilla

bottom: major duodenal papilla (ampulla of Vater)

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30
Q

small intestine is composed of…

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

31
Q

where does most of the food digestion occur?

A

small intestine

32
Q
A
33
Q

what part of the small intestine has more gastric folds?

A

jejunum

34
Q

what does an increase in gastric folds do?

A

increase surface area = more absorption

35
Q

why do we have less internal surface as we pass along the gut tube?

A

less absorption needs to occur as we progress through the gut tube

36
Q

large intestine is composed of…

A

cecum
appendix
ascending colon
right flexure
transverse colon
left flexure
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum

37
Q

what is primarily absorbed in the large intestine?

A

water!!!

38
Q

ileocecal orifice

A

entry from ileum to colon (large intestine)

39
Q

tenia coli

A

longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the large intestine

40
Q

haustra

A

bulges caused by tenia coli of the large intestine

41
Q

semilunar folds

A

depressions/internal ridges found between haustra

42
Q

epiploic appendices

A

fat-filled peritoneal pouches of the large intestine

43
Q

kidneys _____ blood
kidneys produce ____

A

filters blood
produce urine

44
Q

adrenal glands:
____ response
___ hormones
____-olism
_____ system

A

Stress response
Sex hormones
Metabolism
Immune system

45
Q

the spleen _____ blood cells
and has _____ functions

A

the spleen removes blood cells
and has immune functions

46
Q

just study

A
47
Q

what portions are foregut, midgut, and hindgut?

A
48
Q

foregut contains the…

A

end of the esophagus to the 2nd part of the duodenum

49
Q

midgut contains the

A

last two parts of the duodenum to the initial 2/3 of the transverse colon

50
Q

hindgut contains the…

A

last 1/3 of transverse colon to rectum

51
Q

vascular supply of foregut, midgut, hindgut

A

foregut: celiac trunk

midgut: superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

hindgut: inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)

52
Q

celiac trunk supplies the ___-gut

A

foregut

53
Q

superior mesenteric artery supplies the ___-gut

A

midgut

54
Q

inferior mesenteric artery supplies the ___-gut

A

hindgut

55
Q

sympathetic innervation of foregut, midgut, hindgut

A

foregut: greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)

midgut: lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-T11)

hindgut: least splanchnic nerve (T12)

56
Q

parasympathetic innervation of foregut, midgut, hindgut

A

foregut: vagus nerve

midgut: vagus nerge

hindgut: S2-S4

57
Q

what is the sympathetic & parasympathetic innervation of the foregut?

A

symp: greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)

para: vagus nerve

58
Q

what is the sympathetic & parasympathetic innervation of the mid?

A

symp: lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-T11)

para: vagus nerve

59
Q

what is the sympathetic & parasympathetic innervation of the hindgut?

A

symp: least splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)

para: S2-S4

60
Q

blood supply and innervation of foregut

A

celiac trunk (blood supply)

greater splanchnic nerve (symp)

vagus nerve (para)

61
Q

blood supply and innervation of midgut

A

superior mesenteric artery (blood supply)

lesser splanchnic nerve (symp)

vagus nerve (para)

63
Q

blood supply and innervation of hindgut

A

inferior mesenteric artery (blood supply)

least splanchnic nerve (symp)

S2-S4 (para)

64
Q

study

A
65
Q

celiac trunk branches off into… (3)

A

common hepatic artery

left gastric artery

splenic artery

66
Q

the splenic artery branches off into… (3)

*splenic branches from celiac trunk

A

splenic artery:

  • short gastric artery
  • left gastroomental artery
  • pancreatic branch
67
Q

the common hepatic artery branches off into … (3)

A

common hepatic artery:
- right gastric artery
- gastroduodenal artery
- hepatic artery proper

*common hepatic branches from the celiac trunk

68
Q

the gastroduodenal artery branches into … (3)

A

gastroduodenal artery:
- right gastroomental artery
- superior pancreatico-duodenal artery
- duodenal branches

celiac trunk –> common hepatic –> gastroduodenal

69
Q

superior mesenteric artery major branches:

A

inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
jejuna and ileal arteries
ileocolic artery
right colic artery
middle colic artery

70
Q

inferior mesenteric artery major branches:

A

left colic artery
sigmoid arteries
superior rectal artery

71
Q

all blood from the gut tube drains into the liver via the

A

PORTAL SYSTEM

72
Q

inferior mesenteric vein drains into the …

A

splenic vein

and then to the portal vein

73
Q

the superior mesenteric vein merges with the ____ to form the portal vein

A

splenic vein

74
Q

what are the four major veins that drain the gut tube?

A
  1. inferior mesenteric vein
  2. superior mesenteric vein
  3. splenic vein
  4. portal vein

-IMV drains into splenic v.
- splenic v + SMV = portal vein

Human Form & Function (40 decks)

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