Respiratory System Flashcards
Each lung is located within a …
Pleural Sac
Pleural sacs occupy most of the _____ cavity
Thoracic
Pleural sac contains the … (4)
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
Pleural space/fluid
Lung
Is the lung tissue in the pleural sac?
No
The lung tissue simple pushed in the side of the pleural sac and is covered by serous membrane
Parietal pleura and regions
Forms the outside of the pleural sac
Cervical
Costal
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic
Parietal pleura is innervated by
Somatic sensory nerves
— intercostal nerves
— phrenic nerves (diaphragmatic)
Visceral pleura is innervated by
Visceral sensory nerves
Visceral pleura is on the outside/inside of the parietal pleura?
Inside
Continuous with parietal pleura (closer to lungs)
Pleural space is between ___ & ___
Parietal and visceral pleura
Pleural fluid is in the ____
What does the fluid do?
In pleural space (between parietal and visceral pleura)
It lubricates gliding movements of lungs
pleural fluid surface tensions keeps ____ ____
Keeps lungs open
Negative pressure keeps lungs inflated
Pneumothorax?
Air in chest cavity
Pleural recesses
Pleural fluid accumulates
Lungs expand into recess during deep breath
What is the main purpose of lungs?
Bring air into contact with blood
Surfaces of lungs
Apex
Costal
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic
How many lobes/fissures in each lung?
Right lung:
— 3 lobes
— 2 fissures
Left lung:
— 2 lobes
— 1 fissure
Airways (4)
Trachea
Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Hilum of lung: how many different blood supplies
Two
Pulmonary arteries/veins (alveoli)
Bronchial arteries/veins (bronchial tree)
Innervation of the lungs (parasympathetic)
Bronchoconstriction
Gland secretion
Innervation of the lung (sympathetic)
Bronchodilation
Boyle’s law
Pressure varies inversely with volume
Inspiration
Inhale
Diaphragm contracts
Thoracic wall gets bigger
Accessory respiratory muscles
Intercostal muscles
Scalene muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Serratus anterior
Expiration
Breathe out
Diaphragm relaxes
Thoracic walls gets smaller
Inspiration alveoli
Alveoli and airways get bigger and the elastic tissue stretches
Expiration alveoli
Relaxation of elastic tissue recoils alveoli and airways go back to resting position
Inspiration Boyle’s law
Volume increases
Pressure decreases
Lungs expand
Expiration Boyle’s law
Volume decreases
Pressure increases
Lungs shrink
2
Right lungs: 3 lobes, 3 2° bronchi
label:
terminal bronchiole
bronchiole
alveolar sac
bronchus
respiratory bronchiole
label:
respiratory bronchiole
alveolar duct
terminal bronchiole
where is the respiratory zone?
where is the conducting zone?
difference between bronchus and bronchiole?
bronchus: cartilage
trachea
1° right and left bronchus
2° R/L bronchus
3° R/L broncus
bronchopulmonary segment
subdivision of lobe
supplied by:
3° bronchi
pulmonary artery/vein
3
does the diaphragm move up or down during contraction?
down
does the diaphragm move up or down during relaxation?
up
does thoracic volume inc/dec when relaxed?
does thoracic volume inc/dec when contracted?
relaxed diaphragm (up): decrease in volume
contracted diaphragm (down): increase in volume
phrenic nerve (C3-5)
what nerve innervates the diaphragm?
phrenic nerve (C3-5)
visceral pleura
* to the left (dark space) is the pneumothorax (air in chest cavity - pleural space)
R 2° bronchus (inferior lobe)
VAGUS
parasympathetic –> bronchoconstriction
parasympathetic nerve is VAGUS
Blocking the vagus nerve will stop parasymp from causing bronchoconstriction and open airways
D is not like the others
B
