Carbohydrates Flashcards
Glycosaminoglycans
GAGS
Cell signaling, growth, adhesion, wound repair
N-linked
HEPARIN- anticoagulation
glucosamine & galactosamine
Carbohydrates role
Nutrition and energy
ATP is a phosphorylated derivative of a carb
Structure of a carbohydrate
Carbon backbone
Hydroxyl group
Carbonyl (reactive)
*forms a ring
Monosaccharide (5)
Single sugar
*6C and 5C form rings
Glucose (6C)
Fructose (6C)
Galactose (6C)
Ribose (5C)
Glyceraldehyde (3C)
Disaccharide
Two sugar
Hydroxyl groups are sites of reaction
Water is released (condensation)
Bonds are on 1,4,6 carbon
Lactose: galactose and glucose
Maltose: glucose and glucose
Sucrose: glucose and fructose
Polysaccharide
Multi sugars
Glycogen: 1,4 alpha with branching(every 10). Helix.
Amylose: 1,4 alpha NO branching. Helix.
Cellulose: 1,4 beta. Straight chains. Cannot digest.
1,4,6 carbons are typical linkages
Polysaccharide: cellulose
Cellulose: 1,4 beta. Straight chains
Cannot digest
plant cell walls
Polysaccharide: glycogen
Glycogen: 1,4 alpha with branching (every 10)
Helix
Polysaccharide: amylose
Amylose: 1,4 alpha
NO branching
Helix
Alpha vs Beta
Alpha: U shaped
Beta: criss cross
Glycoproteins
O-linked: serine/threonine hydroxyl
N-linked: asparagine amine
Sugar+aminoacid
why do carbohydrates matter in dentistry?
Carbs feed bacteria in oral cavity
Nutrition counseling
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) functions
cell signaling
growth
adhesion
anticoagulation
wound repair
what is a trios carbohydrate?
3 carbon
glyceraldehyde
what is a pentose carbohydrate
5 carbon ring
Ribose
what are the hexose carbohydrates?
6 carbon rings
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
