Neck Flashcards
developmental story: (5)
- Ovulation
- Fertilization (Zygote)
- Clevage (Morula)
- Blastulation (Blastocyst)
- Implantation
order: cleavage, ovulation, implantation, fertilization, blastulation
- Ovulation
- Fertilization (Zygote)
- Clevage (Morula)
- Blastulation (Blastocyst)
- Implantation
Clevage:
Blastulation:
Clevage: Morula
Blastulation: Blastocyst
development story (image)
blastocyst (study)
label
Trophoblast: forms placenta
Blastocoele: cavity
embryoblast/inner cell mass: becomes the embryo
what is the inner cell mass of the blastocyst?
embryoblast
*becomes embryo
label
what forms the placenta?
trophoblast
label
bilaminar disc contains the (2)
epiblast and hypoblast
label
gastrulation: epiblasts –> ___ germ layers
three
gastrulation is when the layer of _____ creates ____ ____
Gastrulation:
Epiblasts create germ layers
*ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
germ layers
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
label
_____ is an enlarged group of cells that plays a key role in neurulation, the process that forms the neural tube and central nervous system
primitive node
Gastrulation: primitive ___
Neurulation: primitive ___
Gastrulation: primitive streak
Neurulation: primitive node
neurulation contains the… (6)
- Notocord
- Neural plate
- Neural groove
- Neural folds
- Neural tube
- Neural crest
how many pharyngeal arches?
5 pharyngeal arches
1,2,3,4,6
label (right side)
each pharyngeal arch contains (3)
artery, cartilage, nerve
label
label
label
label
Arch 1 Skeletal Structures (5)
Meckel’s Cartilage
Mandible
Malleus
Incus
Sphenomandibular ligament
Arch 2 Skeletal Structures (5)
Reichert’s cartilage
Lesser horn of hyoid bone
Styloid process
Stapes
Stylohyoid ligament
Pharyngeal Arch 1: muscles and nerve
Pharyngeal Arch 2: muscles and nerve
Pharyngeal 3rd Arch Formation
Skeletal Derivative:
Muscle Derivative:
Nerve:
Skeletal Derivative - Lower part of the Hyoid Bone
Muscle Derivative - Stylopharyngeus
Nerve – CN IX Glossopharyngeal n.
Pharyngeal 4-6th Arch Formation
Skeletal Derivative:
Muscle Derivative:
Nerve:
Skeletal Derivative – Cartilage of Larynx
Muscle Derivative – Muscles of the Pharynx and Larynx
Nerve – CN X Vagus Nerve (Motor and sensory)
arch migration forms the ___ ____
fascial planes
cervical fascia are sheets of
fibrous connective tissue (deep to skin)
the cervical fascia wraps….
Wrap the anatomy of the neck to form compartments
*muscular, vascular, and visceral compartments
Infections are ____ likely to penetrate fascia, muscles, bones, arterial walls, etc…
less
More likely to travel along these surfaces
are infections more likely to penetrate fascia/muscles/bones or travel along their surfaces?
travel along their surfaces
label
superficial fascia
superficial fascia migration from…
2nd paryngeal arch
superficial fascia:
nerve–
muscles–
Nerve – CN VII Facial Nerve
Muscles – muscles of facial expression group (in face)
- Platysma
Platysma (where, what nerve, function)
Where: skin below clavicle, upper thorax to Mandible, oral muscles
Nerve: Facial nerve CN VII
Function: Tenses skin of the neck
pretracheal fascia parts
Pretracheal Fascia (3 Parts):
Muscular
Visceral
Buccopharyngeal
Investing Fascia (where, nerve, muscles)
where: superficial layer of deep fascia
nerve: CN XI Accessory Nerve
muscles: SCM and trapezius
pink: investing fascia
yellow: muscles (SCM, trapezius)
Infrahyoid muscles (4)
Omohyoid m.
Sternohyoid m.
Thyrohyoid m.
Sternothyroid m
pink: muscularis fascia
purple: infrahyoid muscles
label
the infrahyoid muscles do what?
depress the hyoid bone and larynx
*swallowing and vocalization
When working with Suprahyoid m., ______can depress the mandible
Infrahyoid muscles
Pretracheal Fascia: Visceral Fascia – ___ ____
Pretracheal Fascia: Visceral Fascia – Thyroid Gland
blue: visceral fascia
yellow: thyroid gland
green?
green: buccopharyngeal fascia
prevertebral fascia wraps…
wraps around dorsal muscles.
prevertebral fascia
Prevertebral fascia contains what muscles? (7)
Longus coli m.
Longus Capitis m.
Anterior Scalene
Middle Scalene
Posterior Scalene
Levator Scapulae m.
Deep back muscles
what muscles reside anterior to the spinal cord?
Longus coli m.
Longus Capitis m.
Prevertebral fascia - Longus coli m. parts
Superior oblique part:
C3-C5 transverse processes to anterior tubercle of the atlas C1
Vertical part:
C5-T3 body to C2-C4 body
Inferior Oblique part:
T1-T3 body to C5-C6 transverse
process
Prevertebral fascia - Longus Capitis m. part
Transverse processes of C3-C6 to occipital bone.
Longus coli m. and Longus Capitis m. functions
-Bilateral: Flexes head
-Unilateral: Tilts and slightly rotates head to same side
Prevertebral fascia parts (3)
Ant scalene
Middle scalene
Posterior scalene
Anterior and Middle Scalene muscle attachments
Transverse processes (C3-C7) to 1st Rib
Posterior scalene muscle attachments
Transverse processes (C3-C7) to 2nd Rib
function of anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles
tilt head laterally
elevate first and second rib during respiration
levator scapulae m. attachments
transverse process of C1-C4 to Scapula
posterior triangle muscles
Levator Scapulae
Posterior scalene
Middle scalene
Ant scalene
Inferior belly of Omohyoid
purple: alar space
green: retropharyngeal space
yellow: sympathetic trunk
orange: prevertebral fascia
label
blue: internal jugular v.
red: carotid a.
yellow: vagus n.
brown: carotid sheath
label
red: anterior triangle of the neck
blue: posterior triangle of the neck
separated by SCM
borders of posterior traingle
SCM
trapezius
clavicle
investing fascia
(yellow: SCM and trapezius)
prevertebral fascia
omohyoid m
regions of the anterior triangle (4)
Submental triangle
Submandibular triangle
Carotid triangle
Muscular triangle
submandibular triangle muscles (3) and other structures (4)
Muscles (Suprahyoid m.)
Digastric Muscle
Stylohyoid Muscle
Mylohyoid Muscle
Other structures
Submandibular gland
Submandibular lymph nodes
Lingual and Facial arteries
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
submandibular triangle muscles (3)
Muscles (Suprahyoid m.)
Digastric Muscle
Stylohyoid Muscle
Mylohyoid Muscle
submental triangle muscles and other structure
Muscles:
Suprahyoid m.
Mylohyoid muscle
Geniohyoid muscle
(deep, in oral cavity)
*Submental lymph nodes
Submental Triangle + Submandibular Triangle
muscle goups (4) and functions
4 Suprahyoid muscles group:
- Geniohyoid (genial tubercles of mandible to hyoid bone, C1)
- Mylohyoid (mylohyoid line of mandible to hyoid bone, V3)
- Ant Belly of digastric (digastric fossa of mandible to intermediate tendon-attached to hyoid, V3)
- Post Belly of digastric (mastoid process to intermediate tendon, VII)
- Stylohyoid (styloid process to hyoid bone, CNVII)
Function:
- Accessory muscles of mastication
- Elevate and move hyoid bone forward – aids in swallowing
- Depress/Open the mandible
function of Submental Triangle + Submandibular Triangle
- Accessory muscles of mastication
- Elevate and move hyoid bone forward – aids in swallowing
- Depress/Open the mandible
carotid triangle contents (3)
carotid a.
vagus n.
internal jugular v.
wrapped by the carotid sheath
what wraps the carotid triangle contents?
carotid sheath
carotid triangle