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Human Form & Function > Brain > Flashcards

Brain Flashcards

1
Q

divisions of the brain

A

cerebrum
diencephalon
pituitary gland
brainstem
cerebellum

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2
Q

cerebrum associated with ____ and _____

A

thought and consciousness

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3
Q

perception, communication, understanding, and memory are processed in the

A

cerebrum

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4
Q

cerebrum hemispheres are divided by the

A

longitudinal cerebral fissure

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5
Q

hills =
valleys =

A

hills = gyrus
valleys = sulcus

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6
Q

cerebrum lobes (4)

A

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal

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7
Q

frontal lobe has the ___ ____ cortex

A

primary motor cortex
*precentral gyrus

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8
Q

parietal lobe has the ___ ___ cortex

A

primary sensor cortex
*post-central gyrus

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9
Q

frontal lobe = ___ ___ cortex
parietal lobe = ___ ___ cortex

A

frontal lobe = primary motor cortex

parietal lobe = primary sensory cortex

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10
Q

central sulcus is between the …

A

frontal and parietal lobe

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11
Q

the occipital lobe has the ____ _____ cortex

A

primary visual cortex

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12
Q

temporal lobe processes: (3)

A

auditory input
language
memories

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13
Q

lateral sulcus is where?

A
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14
Q

diencephalon contains the (3)

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus

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15
Q

what connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?

A

infundibulum

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16
Q

what comes of the hypothalamus?

A

pituitary gland

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17
Q

brainstem contains (3)

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

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18
Q

what CNs come from pons?

A

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

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19
Q

what CNs come from the midbrain?

A

CN III, IV

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20
Q

what CNs come from the medulla?

A

CN IX, X, XI, XII

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21
Q

cerebellum is in the

A

posterior cranial fossa

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22
Q

what does the cerebellum do?

A

coordinate skeletal muscle contractions

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23
Q

corpus callosum is the largest _____

A

commissure

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24
Q

brain is supplies by what two major arteries?

A

internal carotid artery
vertebrobasilar artery

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25
Q

where does the internal carotid artery supply blood to?

A

brian- anterior

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26
Q

where does the vertebrobasilar artery supply blood to?

A

brain- posterior

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27
Q

what are the branches of the internal carotid artery?

A

ophthalmic artery
posterior communicating artery
anterior cerebral artery
anterior communicating artery
middle cerebral artery

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28
Q

what are the two main branches off the vertebrobasilar artery?

A

vertebral arteries
basilar artery

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29
Q

what are the vertebral artery branches?

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery
anterior spinal artery

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30
Q

what are the branches of the basilar artery?

A

inferior cerebellar artery
superior cerebellar artery
posterior cerebellar artery

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31
Q

what is the circle of Willis?

A

collateral circulation between the 2 internal carotid arteries and vertebrobasilar arteries

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32
Q
A
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33
Q

regions of the brainstem

A

mesencephalon (midbrain)
pons
medulla oblongata
cerebellum

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34
Q
A
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35
Q
A

A: mesencephalon
B: pons
C: medulla obolngata
D: cerebellum
E: cerebrum

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36
Q
A
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37
Q

(controls what?)
frontal =
parietal =
occipital =
temporal =

A

frontal = motor, cognitive centers
parietal = sensory
occipital = vision
temporal = emotion, auditory, learning

38
Q

the frontal lobe contains what important feature?

A

precentral gyrus (motor cortex)

39
Q

parietal lobe contains what important feature?

A

postcentral gyrus (somatosensory cortex)

40
Q

occipital lobe contains what important features?

A

visual cortex

41
Q

(cortex?)
frontal lobe =
parietal lobe =
occipital lobe =
temporal lobe =

A

frontal lobe = motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
parietal lobe = somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
occipital lobe = visual cortex
temporal lobe = auditory*

42
Q
A
43
Q

ventricles of the brain contain…

A

CSF production

44
Q

where does the internal carotid artery enter the brain?

A

carotid canal

runs up the side of the sphenoid bone and provides major branches to middle cerebral artery

45
Q

branches of the internal carotid artery (in brain)

A

middle cerebral artery
anterior choroid artery

46
Q

branches of the vertebral artery (in brain)

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
anterior spinal artery
basilar artery

47
Q

where does the vertebral artery enter the brain?

A

foramen MAGNUM

48
Q

where does the internal carotid artery enter?
where does the vertebral artery enter?

A

ICA: carotid canal
Vert: foramen magnum

49
Q

branches of the basilar artery

A

anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICA)
labyrinthine artery
pontine artery
superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

50
Q

what does the pontine artery supply?

A

pons

51
Q

where does the labyrinthine artery travel to?

A

travels to the internal acoustic meatus

with CN VII, VIII

52
Q
A

circle of willis

53
Q

arteries of circle of willis

A

posterior communicating artery
anterior cerebral artery
anterior communicating atery

54
Q

anterior spinal artery branches from the ____ and joins together to travel down the ___

A

vertebral arteries

spinal cord

55
Q

how many branches of the cerebral artery?

A

three
anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries

56
Q

anterior choroid artery supplies the ____
major contributor to _____ production via ___ ___ ____

A

anterior choroid artery supplies the choroid plexus

major contributor to CSF production via Choroid Plexus Filtration

57
Q

what arteries combine to make the basilar artery?

A

vertebral arteries

58
Q

what do the vertebral arteries make when joined?

A

basilar artery

59
Q

what runs between the labyrinthine a. and anterior inferior cerebellar a.?

A

abducens nerve (CN VI)

60
Q

what runs between the superior cerebellar a. and the posterior cerebral a.?

A

oculomotor nerve (CN III)

61
Q

what does the circle of willis connect?

A

connects the posterior cerebral arteries

and then to internal carotid a./middle cerebral a.

62
Q

anastomoses in the brain (major)

A

circle of Willis

63
Q

label

A
64
Q

dural sinus has ____ pressure in them

A

negative

65
Q

the dural sinus drains into the

A

internal jugular vein

66
Q

against the bone dura mater =
spilts by meninges dura matter =

A

against the bone dura mater = periosteal dura

splits by meninges dura matter = meningeal dura

67
Q

subarachnoid space is the same location as

A

CSF

68
Q

dura mater folds/membrane (2)

A

flax cerebri
tentorium cerebelli

69
Q
A

blue: superior sagittal sinus
yellow: confluence of sinus

70
Q

what does the superior sagittal sinus empty into?

A

confluence of sinuses

71
Q

inferior sagittal sinus connects to the confluence of sinuses via

A

straight sinus

72
Q

what sinus runs laterally from the confluence of sinuses?

A

transverse sinuses

73
Q

sigmoid sinus will drain directly into the…

A

internal jugular vein (through jugular foramen)

74
Q
A

A: superior petrosal sinus
B: inferior petrosal sinus
C: sigmoid sinus
D: occipital sinus

75
Q

on the wings of sphenoid, what sinus resides there?

A

sphenoparietal sinus

76
Q

basilar venous plexus helps drain the superior and inferior ___ ____

A

petrosal sinuses

77
Q
A

cavernous sinus

78
Q

possible root of infection from orbit

A

venous drainage from the outside eye (ophthalmic veins) can drain into the orbit and then the cavernous sinus

79
Q

emissary veins

A

parietal and occipital emissary veins

external to skull then drains into the skull

80
Q
A

bridging veins

81
Q
A

diploic veins

82
Q

what supplies the dura of the brain?

A

middle meningeal artery

*through foramen spinosum
*runs within the dura
*supplies both the periosteal and meningeal dura

83
Q

where is CSF produced?

A

ventricles
choroid plexus

84
Q

what can CSF provide?

A

nutrients
protection (cushioning)

85
Q

CSF is produced in the ventricles and exits into (2)

A

subarachnoid space
central canal of spinal cord

86
Q

what artery is a major contributor to CSF production?

A

anterior choroid artery

87
Q
A
88
Q

CSF exits ventricles into subarachnoid space through (2)

A

lateral aperture
median aperture

89
Q

how does CSF return to the blood?

A

through arachnoid villi/granulations

*bulges of arachnoid space through dura mater

90
Q

flow of CSF

A
91
Q
A

Human Form & Function (40 decks)

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