Histology Lab Exam 1 Flashcards
function of Stratified squamous (low) non-keratinized epithelium
protects against abrasion and mechanical stress
locations of stratified squamous (low) non-keratinized epithelium
esophagus
mouth
vagina
function of stratified squamous (low) keratinized epithelium
protects against the external environment
location of stratified squamous (low) keratinized epithelium
epidermis
function of simple cuboidal epithelium
produce secretory products in ducts and glands
locations of simple cuboidal epithelium
ducts
kidney tubules
liver
function of stratified cuboidal epithelium
lines ducts and glands throughout the body to carry exocrine products
locations of stratified cuboidal epithelium
sweat glands
salivary glands
mammary glands
function of simple columnar epithelium
absorbs and secretes mucus and enzymes
location of simple columnar epithelium
non-ciliated: digestive tract (goblet cells)
ciliated: bronchi/uterine tubes
function of Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Secretes mucus; cilia moves mucus upwards out of airways
location of Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Upper respiratory tract, epididymis, ductus deferens
key identification of Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
goblet cells (secrete mucus into the lumen, which traps inhaled particles)
function of urothelium
allows the urinary organs to expand and stretch
location of urothelium
lining of bladder, urethra, ureters
what key cell resides in urothelium?
umbrella cells (large multinucleated)
function of loose connective tissue
Provides cushioning and support
The most abundant type of connective tissue
location of loose connective tissue
under epithelia
forms stroma
fills spaces between tissues and organs
sheaths lymphatics and blood vessels
elastic fibers stain _____ and ______
collagen fibers stain ____ and not as _____
elastic fibers stain thin and dark
collagen fibers stain thick and not as dark
function of dense regular connective tissue
resist stretching and tearing
location of dense regular connective tissue
tendons
ligaments
dense regular connective tissue is mostly made of ________
Collagen I
function of dense irregular connective tissue
resistant to stretching
provides protection and support
location of dense irregular connective tissue
deeper dermis
organ capsules
submucosa of intestines
function of fibroblasts
secrete ground substance and fibers
aid in regeneration/repair
*dysfunction leads to fibrosis
fibroblasts
fibroblasts
function of adipocytes
store energy
insulate
make hormones
adipose tissue
function of mast cells
store and release substances to mediate the inflammatory response
*histamine, heparin, leukotrienes
mast cells
mast cell
function of macrophages
phagocytosis
secrete cytokines
present antigens to T lymphocytes
wound repair
macrophages
function of hyaline cartilage
give support to airways
provides gliding surfaces for joints
locations of hyaline cartilage
large airways
articular surfaces of bones
what tissue is seen here?
hyaline cartilage
tissue?
hyaline cartilage
chondrocytes
resident cells of cartilage
in hyaline cartilage produce type II collagen
isogenous group
nest of chondrocytes
septum
thin band of matrix that separates chondrocytes within the same isogenous group
territorial matrix
dark stained
surround chondrocytes and isogenous group
interterritorial matrix
light stain
present between groups of cells
lucana
cavities within the matrix that house chondrocytes
tissue?
elastic cartilage (earlobe)
tissue?
elastic cartilage (epiglottis)
tissue?
fibrocartilage (pubic symphysis)
tissue?
fibrocartilage (intervertebral disc)
what cartilages have a perichondrium?
hyaline and elastic
*NOT fibro
perichondrium
perichondrium
what is perichondrium made of?
dense connective tissue
trabecular/spongy bone
trabecular/spongy bone
cortical/compact bone
corical/compact bone
osteocytes are the __________
main resident cells of bone
what do osteocytes do?
maintain bone matrix and surrounded by osteoid on all sides
osteon, haversian canal, endosteum, interstitial lamellae (identify on photo)
Haversian canal vs Volkmann’s canal
Haversian canal: Canals that run through compact bone parallel to the long axis. Contains blood vessels that support the surrounding osteocytes and bone matrix.
Volkmann’s canal: Canals that run through compact bone perpendicular to the long axis. Connect
Haversian canals together
intramembranous ossification
osteoblasts deposit bone matrix directly
*without cartilage model
increases width
what ossification increases width? length?
width: intramembranous
length: endochondral
endochondral ossification
cartilage models of bones are first laid down by chondroblasts
osteoblasts replace the cartilage with bone matrix
increase length
zones of endochondral ossification
resting cartilage
proliferation
maturation of hypertrophy
calcification/cell death
ossification
Zone of resting cartilage:
Zone of proliferation:
Zone of maturation of hypertrophy:
Zone of calcification and cell death:
Zone of ossification:
Zone of resting cartilage: Chondrocytes in this zone serve as a reservoir of cells
Zone of proliferation: Chondrocytes are actively dividing which creates columns of cells
Zone of maturation of hypertrophy: Chondrocytes stop dividing and begin to swell
Zone of calcification and cell death: The matrix begins to calcify and the chondrocytes die
Zone of ossification: Osteoblasts invade and begin creating woven bone on the calcified matrix
zones?
skeletal muscle (longitudinal section)
skeletal muscle (transverse section)
endomysium, perimysium, epimysium of skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle (intercalated discs)
cardiac muscle (transverse section)
smooth muscle (artery)