Histology Lab Exam 1 Flashcards by sophia cordova

Q

function of Stratified squamous (low) non-keratinized epithelium

A

protects against abrasion and mechanical stress

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Q

locations of stratified squamous (low) non-keratinized epithelium

A

esophagus
mouth
vagina

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Q

function of stratified squamous (low) keratinized epithelium

A

protects against the external environment

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Q

location of stratified squamous (low) keratinized epithelium

A

epidermis

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Q

function of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

produce secretory products in ducts and glands

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Q

locations of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

ducts
kidney tubules
liver

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Q

function of stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

lines ducts and glands throughout the body to carry exocrine products

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Q

locations of stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

sweat glands
salivary glands
mammary glands

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Q

function of simple columnar epithelium

A

absorbs and secretes mucus and enzymes

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Q

location of simple columnar epithelium

A

non-ciliated: digestive tract (goblet cells)
ciliated: bronchi/uterine tubes

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Q

function of Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

Secretes mucus; cilia moves mucus upwards out of airways

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Q

location of Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

Upper respiratory tract, epididymis, ductus deferens

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Q

key identification of Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

goblet cells (secrete mucus into the lumen, which traps inhaled particles)

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Q

function of urothelium

A

allows the urinary organs to expand and stretch

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Q

location of urothelium

A

lining of bladder, urethra, ureters

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Q

what key cell resides in urothelium?

A

umbrella cells (large multinucleated)

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Q

function of loose connective tissue

A

Provides cushioning and support
The most abundant type of connective tissue

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Q

location of loose connective tissue

A

under epithelia
forms stroma
fills spaces between tissues and organs
sheaths lymphatics and blood vessels

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Q

elastic fibers stain _____ and ______
collagen fibers stain ____ and not as _____

A

elastic fibers stain thin and dark
collagen fibers stain thick and not as dark

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Q

function of dense regular connective tissue

A

resist stretching and tearing

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Q

location of dense regular connective tissue

A

tendons
ligaments

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Q

dense regular connective tissue is mostly made of ________

A

Collagen I

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Q

function of dense irregular connective tissue

A

resistant to stretching
provides protection and support

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Q

location of dense irregular connective tissue

A

deeper dermis
organ capsules
submucosa of intestines

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Q

function of fibroblasts

A

secrete ground substance and fibers
aid in regeneration/repair

*dysfunction leads to fibrosis

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Q

A

fibroblasts

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Q

A

fibroblasts

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Q

A

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Q

function of adipocytes

A

store energy
insulate
make hormones

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Q

A

adipose tissue

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Q

function of mast cells

A

store and release substances to mediate the inflammatory response

*histamine, heparin, leukotrienes

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Q

A

mast cells

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Q

A

mast cell

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Q

function of macrophages

A

phagocytosis
secrete cytokines
present antigens to T lymphocytes
wound repair

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Q

A

macrophages

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Q

function of hyaline cartilage

A

give support to airways
provides gliding surfaces for joints

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Q

locations of hyaline cartilage

A

large airways
articular surfaces of bones

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Q

what tissue is seen here?

A

hyaline cartilage

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Q

tissue?

A

hyaline cartilage

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Q

chondrocytes

A

resident cells of cartilage

in hyaline cartilage produce type II collagen

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Q

isogenous group

A

nest of chondrocytes

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Q

septum

A

thin band of matrix that separates chondrocytes within the same isogenous group

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Q

territorial matrix

A

dark stained
surround chondrocytes and isogenous group

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Q

interterritorial matrix

A

light stain
present between groups of cells

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Q

lucana

A

cavities within the matrix that house chondrocytes

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Q

tissue?

A

elastic cartilage (earlobe)

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Q

tissue?

A

elastic cartilage (epiglottis)

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Q

tissue?

A

fibrocartilage (pubic symphysis)

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Q

tissue?

A

fibrocartilage (intervertebral disc)

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Q

what cartilages have a perichondrium?

A

hyaline and elastic
*NOT fibro

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Q

A

perichondrium

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Q

A

perichondrium

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Q

what is perichondrium made of?

A

dense connective tissue

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Q

A

trabecular/spongy bone

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Q

A

trabecular/spongy bone

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Q

A

cortical/compact bone

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Q

A

corical/compact bone

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A

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Q

osteocytes are the __________

A

main resident cells of bone

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Q

what do osteocytes do?

A

maintain bone matrix and surrounded by osteoid on all sides

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Q

osteon, haversian canal, endosteum, interstitial lamellae (identify on photo)

A

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Q

Haversian canal vs Volkmann’s canal

A

Haversian canal: Canals that run through compact bone parallel to the long axis. Contains blood vessels that support the surrounding osteocytes and bone matrix.

Volkmann’s canal: Canals that run through compact bone perpendicular to the long axis. Connect
Haversian canals together

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Q

intramembranous ossification

A

osteoblasts deposit bone matrix directly
*without cartilage model

increases width

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Q

what ossification increases width? length?

A

width: intramembranous

length: endochondral

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Q

endochondral ossification

A

cartilage models of bones are first laid down by chondroblasts

osteoblasts replace the cartilage with bone matrix

increase length

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Q

zones of endochondral ossification

A

resting cartilage
proliferation
maturation of hypertrophy
calcification/cell death
ossification

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Q

Zone of resting cartilage:
Zone of proliferation:
Zone of maturation of hypertrophy:
Zone of calcification and cell death:
Zone of ossification:

A

Zone of resting cartilage: Chondrocytes in this zone serve as a reservoir of cells

Zone of proliferation: Chondrocytes are actively dividing which creates columns of cells

Zone of maturation of hypertrophy: Chondrocytes stop dividing and begin to swell

Zone of calcification and cell death: The matrix begins to calcify and the chondrocytes die

Zone of ossification: Osteoblasts invade and begin creating woven bone on the calcified matrix

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Q

zones?

A

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Q

A

skeletal muscle (longitudinal section)

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Q

A

skeletal muscle (transverse section)

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Q

endomysium, perimysium, epimysium of skeletal muscle

A

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Q

A

cardiac muscle (intercalated discs)

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Q

A

cardiac muscle (transverse section)

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Q

A

smooth muscle (artery)

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Q

A

nervous tissue (spinal cord)

Q

A

nervous tissue (cerebellum)

Q

A

nervous tissue (spinal cord)

Q

A

nervous tissue (cerebellum)

Q

A

neuron

Q

A

nervous tissue (cerebral cortex)

Q

A

nervous tissue (cerebral cortex)

Q

A

nervous tissue

Q

A

nervous tissue

Q

A

glial cells

Q

A

glial cells

Q

A

pia mater

Q

A

arachnoid mater

Q

A

choroid plexus

Q

A

schwann cells

Q

A

peripheral nerve (transverse)

Q

Endoneurium, Perineurium, Epineurium

A

Q

A

entric ganglia

Q

A

entric ganglia

Q

A

smooth muscle

Q

A

dense irregular connective tissue

Q

A

peripheral nerve

Q

function of RBC (erythrocyte)

A

transport O2 and CO2 between lungs and tissue

Q

A

erythrocytes

Q

A

PMN
polymorphonuclear neutrophil

Q

function of PMNs

A

endocytoses bacteria and damaged tissue
travels from the blood to sites of inflammation

Q

A

PMN
neutrophil

Q

A

eosinophils

Q

function of eosinophils

A

inflammation/disease
asthma
Major basic protein kills parasitic larva

Q

A

eosinophil

Q

A

basophil

Q

function of basophil

A

release granules that contain histamine and heparin

mediates inflammation

Q

A

basophil

Q

A

basophil

Q

function of lymphocyte

A

B and T cells are components of the immune system

B cells are precursors to plasma cells

Q

A

lymphocyte

Q

A

lymphocyte

Q

A

lymphocyte

Q

function of monocyte

A

immediate precursor of macrophages

key component of the immune system

Q

A

monocyte

Q

A

monocyte

Q

A

monocyte

Q

function of platelet (thrombocyte)

A

aggregates to form clots along the walls of damaged blood vessels

Q

A

platelets

Q

A

Q

mitotic erythrocyte lineage

A

proerythroblast
basophilic erythroblast
polychormatophilic erythroblast

Q

non-mitotic erythrocyte lineage

A

orthochromatophilic erythroblast
reticulocyte
RBC

Q

A

proerythroblast

Q

A

basophilic erythroblast

Q

A

polychromatophilic erythroblast

Q

A

orthochromatophilic erythroblast

Q

A

Q

A

myeloblast

Q

A

promyelocyte

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

megakaryocyte

Q

A

megakaryocyte

Q

function of megakaryocyte

A

produces in response to thrombopoeitin

Q

A

plasma cell

Q

function of plasma cells

A

produces antibodies

Q

A

plasma cell

Q

mitotic granulocyte cells

A

myeloblast
promyelocyte
myelocyte

Q

non-mitotic granulocyte cells

A

metamyelocyte
band form
mature form

Q

what type of myelocytes are there?

A

neutrophilic
eosinophilic
basophilic

Q

left shift refers to

A

presence of band form neutrophils in response to infection

Q

difference between plasma cells and orthochomatophilic erythroblast?

A

orthochromatophilic erythroblast
- pale grey/pink cytoplasm

plasma cell:
- dark blue cytoplasm
- white spot (golgi)

*both have eccentric nuclei

Q

what is a common feature of plasma cells and orthochomatophilic erythroblasts?

A

eccentric nucleus

Q

what cells are found in blood?

A

lymphocyte
monocyte
PMN
eosinophil
basophil

Q

differentiate the stains of PMNs, eosinophils, basophils

A

PMN: Neutral
eosinophil: pink-red
basophil: blue

Q

what is found in bone marrow?

A

erythroblast lineage
granulocyte lineage

myeloblast
proerythroblast
megakaryocyte
monocyte
lymphocyte

Q

what cell produces components of the EC matrix

A

A
???? cell

Q

what is B?

A

loose connective tissue

Q

what is the function of this epithelium?

A

protection from inhalants and pathogens

Q

what is #2?

A

adherens junction

Q

what epithelial is this?

A

simple low

Q

A

Q

name the epithelium

A

urothelium
transitional

Q

what protein is associated with #3?

A

demolgein
desmoplakin
plakoglobin

Q

what tissue is this?

A

dense regular connective tissue
*tendon

Q

arrows are pointing to what structure?

A

basement membrane
basal lamina

Q

name the junctions most likely disrupted in this disorder

A

hemidesmosomes

Q

A

elastic cartilage

Q

1?

A

osteon

Q

what is the predominant fiber?

A

Collagen I

Q

A

hyaline cartilage

Q

cell indicated by arrows?

A

osteoclasts

Q

B?

A

zone of resting cartilage

Q

asterisk?

A

smooth muscle

Q

A?

A

perineurium

Q

A

cardiac muscle

Q

A

nervous tissue

Q

what letter is involved in peristalsis (gut contractions)

A

B

Q

A

endomysium

Q

D?

A

zone of hypertrophy
(maturation)

Q

color of granules: neutrophilic, eosinophilic

A

neutrophilic: grey/pink/pale blue
eosinophilic: red/orange

Q

plasma cells are only found in the ____ and ___

A

bone marrow and tissue

Q

tissue?

A

urothelium

Q

tissue?

A

stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Q

1: tissue?
2: tissue?

A

1: simple columnar epithelium
2: dense irregular ct

Q

cells?

A

mast cell

Q

cells function?

A

fibroblast
secrete ground substance and fibers

Q

tissue?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Q

tissue?

A

adipose tissue

Q

tissue?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

Q

tissue?

A

simple columnar epithelium

Q

1: tissue?
2: cell?

A

1: dense regular connective tissue
2: fibroblast

Q

cell?

A

adipocyte

Q

tissue?

A

stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

Q

1: 2 major proteins?
2: fiber?
3: tissue?

A

1: fibrillin and elastin
2: collagen
3: loose connective tissue

Q

1: tissue?
2: tissue?

A

1: loose ct
2: simple low epithelium

Q

1: tissue?
2: tissue?

A

1: stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
2: dense irregular ct

Q

tissue?

A

dense irregular ct