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Human Form & Function > olfactory and taste > Flashcards

olfactory and taste Flashcards

1
Q

taste vs temperature/touch innervation of the anterior tongue

A

taste: chorda tympani (CN VII)
touch/temp: lingual n. (CN V-3)

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2
Q

posterior tongue innervation of taste/temp/touch

A

glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

What’s the least understood sense?

A

smell

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5
Q

Olfactory membrane is located on

A

superior part of each nostril

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6
Q

type of receptor on the cilia of olfactory cells

A

odorant-binding protein receptors

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7
Q

Binding of chemical odorant to receptor induces the _____ transduced formation of cAMP which opens _____ channels

A

Binding of chemical odorant to receptor induces the “G-protein” transduced formation of cAMP which opens “sodium” channels

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

Odorant-binding receptors are located on the

A

cilia of olfactory cells

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10
Q

Odorant-binding receptors on olfactory cell cilia actions

A

Binding induces G-protein
activation of adenyl cyclase

causes formation of cAMP

cAMP opens sodium channels

causing depolarization

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11
Q

substances must be sightly _____ to penetrate the mucus to reach the olfactory cells

A

water-soluble

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

anosmia

A

loss of smell

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14
Q

trauma to the cribriform plate that shears the olfactory axons is called

A

anosmia (loss of smell)

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15
Q

rhinorrhea

A

nasal congestion

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16
Q

anterior 2/3 of tongue sensation and taste innervation
posterior 1/3 of tongue sensation and taste innervation

A

anterior:
sensation - lingual n. CN V-3
taste - chorda tympani (CN VII)

posterior:
sensation - CN IX
taste - CN IX

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17
Q

posterior 1/3 of tongue sensation and taste innervation

A

sensation - CN IX
taste - CN IX

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18
Q

anterior 2/3 of tongue sensation and taste innervation

A

anterior:
sensation - lingual n. CN V-3
taste - chorda tympani (CN VII)

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19
Q

13 possible chemical receptors in taste buds

A

*2 for sodium
* 2 for potassium
* Chloride
* Adenosine
* Inosine
* 2 sweet
* 2 bitter
* Glutamate
* Hydrogen ion

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20
Q

sour taste perception caused by

A

Caused by H+ from acids (citric acid, acetic acid)

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21
Q

salty taste perception caused by

A

ionized salts, mainly sodium (NaCl)

22
Q

sweet taste perception caused by

A

sucrose
many chemicals - mostly organic

23
Q

umami taste perception cause by

A

glutamate

24
Q

bitter taste preception caused by

A

long chain organic substances (N)
alkaloids

25
Q

how does age impact bitter taste preception

A

younger is more sensitive to bitter taste sensation

26
Q

taste buds are located on what?

A

papillae of tongue

27
Q

Circumvallate papillae form a “ “

A

V

28
Q

where are 50% of taste buds found?

A

Circumvallate papillae

29
Q

taste bud distribution on papillae

A

Circumvallate papillae 50%
Foliate papillae 25%
Fungiform papillae 25%

30
Q

location of tongue papillae

A

Circumvallate papillae – posterior surface of tongue
Foliate papillae – along lateral surfaces of tongue
Fungiform papillae – flat surface of tongue

31
Q

most numerous of the lingual papillae are the

A

filiform papilae

32
Q

what papillae is responsible for giving the tongue its texture and sensation of touch?

A

filiform papillae

33
Q

what is the average life of a taste bud?

A

10 days

34
Q

salts, sweet, sour, and umami tastes cause _____ of the respective taste cells

A

depolarization

35
Q

bitter taste causes an internal release of ____

A

Ca2+
(no external Ca2+ required)

36
Q

transmission of taste sensation (starting at taste buds)

A

anterior 2/3 CN VII
posterior 1/3 CN IX
posterior of mouth CN X
->
signals to solitary nucleus
->
thalamus
->
cortex

37
Q
A
38
Q

gustatory cortex contains (2)

A

insula (in synovial fissure)
frontal operculum (near insula)

39
Q

taste and smell are tied to primitive ____ and _____ functions of the NS

A

emotional and behavioral

40
Q

most of what is perceived as a sense of taste is actually derived from ___

A

smell

41
Q

glutamate is thought to be a primary tastant of which of the following taste sensations?

A

umami

42
Q

What substance stimulates the sour taste sensation?

A

hydrogen ions

43
Q

which of these is NOT a primary smell sensation?
ethereal
floral
camphoraceous
umami

A

umami

44
Q

what are the primary smell sensations?

A

musky
putrid
pungent
camphoraceous
ethereal
floral
pepperminty

45
Q

the first central synapse for neurons transmitting the sweet taste sensation is in the nucleus of what?

A

solitary tract

46
Q

the facial nerve is responsible for the innervation of what? (in relation to taste)

A

anterior 2/3 of tongue
*chorda tympani

47
Q

What follows the activation of an odorant receptor in the transduction mechanism of smell?

A

G-protein activation of adenyl cyclase

48
Q

what CN is involved primarily in olfaction?

A

CN I

49
Q

a woman comes home and detects a strong smell of gas but her husband has been home all day and does not smell anything. What condition describes the husband?

A

anosmia

50
Q

where are odorant binding receptors found?

A

cilia

51
Q

lack of taste refers to

A

ageusia

52
Q

in the olfactory transduction mechanism, what ions have increased conductance?

A

sodium

Human Form & Function (49 decks)

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