Nucleic Acids

Question 1

Nucleotide composition

Answer 1

Nitrogenous base (purine/ pyrimidine)
+
Pentose (sugar)
+
Phosphate (or more)
=
Nucleotide

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

Deoxyribonueic acid

Contains require info for synthesis of functional biological products (like RNA proteins)

Storage and transmission of genetic material

Question 3

RNA

Answer 3

Ribonucleic acid

Messenger mRNA
Transfer tRNA
Ribosomal rRNA

Question 4

Pyrimidine vs purine

Answer 4

Pyrimidine
- cytosine
- thymine
- uracil
*one ring

Purine
- adenine
- guanine
*two rings

Question 5

Does dna or rna have two OH’s on pentose

Answer 5

RNA has two OHs on pentose

Question 6

DNA and RNA backbone

Answer 6

Hydroxyl group of sugar (pentose)

Hydrophilic

Question 7

Phosphodiester linkage

Answer 7

5’ phosphate group of one nucleotide joined to the 3’ hydroxyl group

Question 8

Base pairings

Answer 8

A-T 2 bonds
C-G 3 bonds

Question 9

What form of DNA is most common?

Answer 9

B FORM

right handed double helix

*A form: absence of water
*Z form: left-handed

Question 10

human genome has how many chromosome pairs

Answer 10

23

Question 11

is the backbone of DNA/RNA hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 11

hydrophilic

hydroxyl group of sugar residues form hydrogen bonds with water

Question 12

nucleic acid discovery

Answer 12

Question 13

mutations

Answer 13

alterations in DNA structure that produce
permanent changes in the genetic information

Deamination / Depurination
Pyrimidine dimers induced by UV light
Reactive Chemical Interactions
Methylation of Bases