Cardiovascular System Flashcards
the human heart is roughly the size of a ___
fist
the human heart weighs approx. _____ grams
~300 grams
The human heart beats __-__ times/min
60-80 times/min
the human heart pumps __-__ L throughout the body
5-6 L
Pericardial Sac contains the…
heart & roots of greater vessels
is the pericardial sac single-walled or double-walled?
Pericardial sac is a double-walled sac
2 layers: fibrous and serous layer
what are the two layers of the parietal pericardium?
fibrous layer
serous layer
what makes up the double-walled pericardial sac?
parietal pericardium (2 layers)
visceral pericardium
what is the purple/green layer?
purple: serous layer of the parietal pericardium
green: fibrous layer of the parietal pericardium
what is highlighted?
fibrous pericardium
what is highlighted?
serous pericardium
visceral layer
where are what is the pericardial space?
between the visceral pericardium and serous pericardium
Lubricates the heart (pericardial fluid)
no answer, just study
identify SVC
superior vena cava
identify IVC
inferior vena cava
identify LV
left ventricle
identify bicuspid valve
identify LA
left atrium
identify coronary sinus
identify RA
right atrium
identify tricuspid valve
identify RV
right ventricle
identify pulmonary valve
identify pulmonary arteries
identify pulmonary veins
identify aortic valve
just study
what is the cycle of coronary circulation?
trace blood flow from SVC
conduction system of heart
chamber?
valve?
oxygenated/deoxygenated?
vessel?
chamber?
ox/deox?
valve?
vessel?
chamber?
sequence of blood flow?
just study
diastole
systole
A patient with an insufficient aortic valve is scheduled for surgery. Identify the chamber of the heart that the regurgitating blood will most likely enter.
A.Right ventricle during diastole
B.Left ventricle during systole
C.Right ventricle during systole
D.Left ventricle during diastole
D.Left ventricle during diastole
Angiography of the patient was ordered and the subsequent image demonstrated
stenosis of the LAD. Into which vessel opening was the contrast most likely
injected in order to have received this information?
A. Coronary sinus
B. Left circumflex artery
C. Right obtuse artery
D. Right coronary artery
E. Left coronary artery
E. Left coronary artery
Which line represents aortic pressure?
Which line represents left atrial pressure?
the left ventricular pressure?
what letter indicates S1?
A
how do you make the heart beat faster?
turn up the sympathetic
and/or
turn down the parasympathetic
systolic murmurs
Occur during ventricular contraction
diastolic murmurs
Occur during atrial contraction (ventricular relaxation and filling)
murmurs have two categories
systolic (vent. contraction)
diastolic (vent. relaxation/atrial contraction)
common causes of murmurs are
stenosis: Failure of a valve to open completely, which impedes forward flow by
forcing blood through a smaller opening and the flow becomes turbulent
insufficiency (regurgitation/incompetence): Failure of a valve to close completely
allowing reversed flow; murmur occurs when the valve should be closed
A serious heart murmur results when the aortic valve becomes calcified
and therefore stenotic. What type of murmur would this most likely fall
into? Why?
A congenital heart defect causes a malformation in one of the mitral valve
leaflets resulting in an insufficient valve. Identify the murmur most likely
associated with this type of anomaly.
a) Diastolic murmur with regurgitation
b) Diastolic murmur with stenosis
c) Systolic murmur with regurgitation
d) Systolic murmur with stenosis
c) Systolic murmur with regurgitation
Impaired ventricular filling during diastole
when the accumulation of excessive pericardial fluid within the finite potential pericardial space reaches a critical volume, ventricular filling during diastole is often impaired
don’t know answer
LAD (left anterior descending)
just study
just study
Aortic coarctation is defined as a congenital narrowing of the aortic arch
lumen that causes a variable degree of obstruction to normal blood flow.
Hypertrophy of which of the following heart chambers would most likely occur in a patient with aortic coarctation?
A. Left atrium
B. Left ventricle
C. Right atrium
D. Right ventricle
left ventricle
LV hypertrophies in response to the high systemic vascular resistance resulting from the coarctation
ventricleA patient presents to the ED after having been stabbed. The penetrating
wound is adjacent to the sternum in the left 4th intercostal space.
Identify the structure most likely injured due to this wound.
A. Left atrium
B. Left ventricle
C. Right atrium
D. Right ventricle
Right Ventricle
sympathetic NS uses ____ (neurotransmitter) at the ____ ________ receptor
norepinephrine (NE)
B-1 adrenergic receptors
(T1-T5)
parasympathetic NS uses ____ (neurotransmitter) at the ____ ________ receptor
Acetylcholine (ACh)
M2 cholinergic receptors
(vagus, medulla)
