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Human Form & Function > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

the human heart is roughly the size of a ___

A

fist

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2
Q

the human heart weighs approx. _____ grams

A

~300 grams

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3
Q

The human heart beats __-__ times/min

A

60-80 times/min

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4
Q

the human heart pumps __-__ L throughout the body

A

5-6 L

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5
Q

Pericardial Sac contains the…

A

heart & roots of greater vessels

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6
Q

is the pericardial sac single-walled or double-walled?

A

Pericardial sac is a double-walled sac
2 layers: fibrous and serous layer

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7
Q

what are the two layers of the parietal pericardium?

A

fibrous layer
serous layer

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8
Q

what makes up the double-walled pericardial sac?

A

parietal pericardium (2 layers)
visceral pericardium

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9
Q

what is the purple/green layer?

A

purple: serous layer of the parietal pericardium
green: fibrous layer of the parietal pericardium

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10
Q

what is highlighted?

A

fibrous pericardium

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11
Q

what is highlighted?

A

serous pericardium
visceral layer

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12
Q

where are what is the pericardial space?

A

between the visceral pericardium and serous pericardium

Lubricates the heart (pericardial fluid)

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13
Q

no answer, just study

A
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14
Q

identify SVC

A

superior vena cava

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15
Q

identify IVC

A

inferior vena cava

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16
Q

identify LV

A

left ventricle

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17
Q

identify bicuspid valve

A
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18
Q

identify LA

A

left atrium

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19
Q

identify coronary sinus

A
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20
Q

identify RA

A

right atrium

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21
Q

identify tricuspid valve

A
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22
Q

identify RV

A

right ventricle

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23
Q

identify pulmonary valve

A
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24
Q

identify pulmonary arteries

A
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25
Q

identify pulmonary veins

A
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26
Q

identify aortic valve

A
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27
Q

just study

A
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28
Q

what is the cycle of coronary circulation?

A
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29
Q

trace blood flow from SVC

A
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30
Q

conduction system of heart

A
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31
Q

chamber?

A
32
Q

valve?

A
33
Q

oxygenated/deoxygenated?

A
34
Q

vessel?

A
35
Q

chamber?

A
36
Q

ox/deox?

A
37
Q

valve?

A
38
Q

vessel?

A
39
Q

chamber?

A
40
Q

sequence of blood flow?

A
41
Q
A
42
Q
A
43
Q

just study

A
44
Q
A
45
Q
A
46
Q

diastole

A
47
Q

systole

A
48
Q
A
49
Q
A
50
Q
A
51
Q

A patient with an insufficient aortic valve is scheduled for surgery. Identify the chamber of the heart that the regurgitating blood will most likely enter.

A.Right ventricle during diastole
B.Left ventricle during systole
C.Right ventricle during systole
D.Left ventricle during diastole

A

D.Left ventricle during diastole

52
Q

Angiography of the patient was ordered and the subsequent image demonstrated
stenosis of the LAD. Into which vessel opening was the contrast most likely
injected in order to have received this information?

A. Coronary sinus
B. Left circumflex artery
C. Right obtuse artery
D. Right coronary artery
E. Left coronary artery

A

E. Left coronary artery

53
Q

Which line represents aortic pressure?

A
54
Q

Which line represents left atrial pressure?

A
55
Q

the left ventricular pressure?

A
56
Q

what letter indicates S1?

A

A

57
Q

how do you make the heart beat faster?

A

turn up the sympathetic
and/or
turn down the parasympathetic

58
Q

systolic murmurs

A

Occur during ventricular contraction

59
Q

diastolic murmurs

A

Occur during atrial contraction (ventricular relaxation and filling)

60
Q

murmurs have two categories

A

systolic (vent. contraction)
diastolic (vent. relaxation/atrial contraction)

61
Q

common causes of murmurs are

A

stenosis: Failure of a valve to open completely, which impedes forward flow by
forcing blood through a smaller opening and the flow becomes turbulent

insufficiency (regurgitation/incompetence): Failure of a valve to close completely
allowing reversed flow; murmur occurs when the valve should be closed

62
Q

A serious heart murmur results when the aortic valve becomes calcified
and therefore stenotic. What type of murmur would this most likely fall
into? Why?

A
63
Q

A congenital heart defect causes a malformation in one of the mitral valve
leaflets resulting in an insufficient valve. Identify the murmur most likely
associated with this type of anomaly.

a) Diastolic murmur with regurgitation
b) Diastolic murmur with stenosis
c) Systolic murmur with regurgitation
d) Systolic murmur with stenosis

A

c) Systolic murmur with regurgitation

64
Q
A

Impaired ventricular filling during diastole

when the accumulation of excessive pericardial fluid within the finite potential pericardial space reaches a critical volume, ventricular filling during diastole is often impaired

65
Q

don’t know answer

A

LAD (left anterior descending)

66
Q
A
67
Q
A
68
Q

just study

A
69
Q
A
70
Q
A
71
Q

just study

A
72
Q

Aortic coarctation is defined as a congenital narrowing of the aortic arch
lumen that causes a variable degree of obstruction to normal blood flow.
Hypertrophy of which of the following heart chambers would most likely occur in a patient with aortic coarctation?

A. Left atrium
B. Left ventricle
C. Right atrium
D. Right ventricle

A

left ventricle

LV hypertrophies in response to the high systemic vascular resistance resulting from the coarctation

73
Q

ventricleA patient presents to the ED after having been stabbed. The penetrating
wound is adjacent to the sternum in the left 4th intercostal space.
Identify the structure most likely injured due to this wound.
A. Left atrium
B. Left ventricle
C. Right atrium
D. Right ventricle

A

Right Ventricle

74
Q

sympathetic NS uses ____ (neurotransmitter) at the ____ ________ receptor

A

norepinephrine (NE)
B-1 adrenergic receptors

(T1-T5)

75
Q

parasympathetic NS uses ____ (neurotransmitter) at the ____ ________ receptor

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)
M2 cholinergic receptors

(vagus, medulla)

Human Form & Function (40 decks)

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