Sheep reproduction

Question 1

How does chlamydia present in sheep placentas?

Answer 1

Intercotyledonary space is really thick and inflamed

Question 2

How does toxoplasma present in sheep placentas?

Answer 2

White lesions on the cotyledons - look like white blackberries
Intercotyledonary space is normal

Question 3

How does campylobacter infection present in the foetus?

Answer 3

Lesions and enlarged liver in foetus

Question 4

What does EAE stand for?

Answer 4

Enzootic abortion of Ewes

Question 5

What are the clinical signs of EAE?

Answer 5

Abortion 2-3 weeks before term
Premature/weak lambs
Lots of discharge post lambing

Question 6

What can cause EAE?

Answer 6

Chlamydia - disrupts placental production of progesterone

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 7

How do you control EAE following an outbreak?

Answer 7

Isolate ewes
Destroy foetuses, placenta
Disinfect

Question 8

How do you treat EAE in ewes?

Answer 8

Oxytetracycline

Question 9

How can you prevent EAE?

Answer 9

Mydiavac - vaccine

Closed flock

Question 10

What is dangerous about EAE?

Answer 10

Zoonosis - pregnant women

Question 11

How do you treat/control toxoplasma?

Answer 11

Decoquinate
Pyrimethamine
Toxovac - vaccination

Question 12

What can cause toxoplasmosis?

Answer 12

Cats

Zoonosis - undercooked meat

Question 13

What are the main causes of infection ovine abortion (not enzootic abortion)?

Answer 13

Chlamydophila
Toxoplasma
Campylobacter 
Salmonella
Listeriosis

Question 14

What does border disease cause?

Answer 14

Hairy shaker lambs

Abortion

Question 15

What causes vaginal prolapse?

Answer 15

Hormones alter collagen and smooth muscle amount in vaginal wall

Question 16

When does vaginal prolapse usually occur?

Answer 16

3 weeks before lambing

Question 17

What are some risk factors of vaginal prolapse?

Answer 17

Lowland breeds
Big litter size
Older ewe
Overfeeding

Question 18

What are other names for pregnancy toxaemia?

Answer 18

Twin lamb disease

Ovine ketosis

Question 19

When does pregnancy toxaemia occur?

Answer 19

Last 2 weeks of pregnancy

Question 20

What are the clinical signs of pregnancy toxaemia?

Answer 20

Dull/reduced appetite
CNS signs 
Blind
Head pressing 
Ataxia
Smell ketones 
Death

Question 21

What causes pregnancy toxaemia? What is the maintenance requirement?

Answer 21

Undernutrition - need x1.75 maintenance in last 2 months of pregnancy

Question 22

How do you treat pregnancy toxaemia?

Answer 22

Dextrose for hypoglycaemia
Palatable feed
Glucocorticoids
C section maybe
Anabolic steroids - correct acidosis

Question 23

What are clinical signs of hypocalcaemia?

Answer 23

Unsteady
Sternal recumancy
Prolapse vagina

Question 24

How do you treat hypocalcaemia?

Answer 24

Calcium borogluconate IV

Question 25

What can cause hypomagnesaemia?

Answer 25

Sudden cold wet weather so stop eating 4-6 weeks after lambing

Question 26

What are clinical signs of hypomagnesaemia?

Answer 26

Dead
Muscle tremors
Nystagmus
Frothing at mouth

Question 27

How do you treat hypomagnesaemia?

Answer 27

Magnesium sulphate SC (NOT IV)

Question 28

What are the 2 main pathogens causing sheep mastitis?

Answer 28

Mannheimia haemolytica

Staph aureus

Question 29

What causes joint ill?

Answer 29

Strep dysgalactiae

Question 30

How do you treat joint ill?

Answer 30

Antibiotics for 10 days - penicillin

Oxytetracycline

Question 31

What causes haemolytic anaemia in lambs?

Answer 31

When bovine IgG attacks sheep RBC