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CVSOH BVSc3 > Bovine udder health > Flashcards

Bovine udder health Flashcards

1
Q

What impact does mastitis have on the dairy industry?

A 
Production related disease
Endemic disease
Welfare issue
Public health issue
Economic issue
Wastage
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2
Q

What is the definition of mastitis?

A

Inflammation of the udder

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3
Q

What is the definition of an intramammary infection?

A

Pathogen infection of the udder with or without clinical signs

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4
Q

What are the two clinical presentations of mastitis?

A

Clinical

Subclinical

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5
Q

What is clinical mastitis?

A

Inflammation WITH changes in the udder/milk/systemic

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6
Q

What is subclinical mastitis?

A

Inflammation WITHOUT changes in the udder/milk/systemic

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7
Q

What are the two epidemiological origins of mastitis?

A

Contagious

Environmental

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8
Q

What are the features of innate immunity of the udder?

A

Teat sphincter
Keratin plug
Macrophages
Neutrophils

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9
Q

What are features of acquired immunity of the udder?

A

Immunoglobulins

Lymphocytes

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10
Q

What are the 3 stages of the dry period?

A

Involution
Steady state
Transition

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11
Q

When is the rate of new mastitis infection highest?

A

At drying off and calving

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12
Q

How do you diagnose subclinical mastitis?

A

By detection of immune response - somatic cell count

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13
Q

What tests can you do for subclinical mastitis?

A

California milk test

Somatic cell count

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14
Q

What is a normal SCC compared to an infected SCC?

A

Normal - 5-200K

Infected/raised - 200K-5M

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15
Q

What factors affect SCC?

A

Infection
Age
Stage of lactation - late

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16
Q

What is grade 1 clinical mastitis?

A

Changes to milk only

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17
Q

What is grade 2 clinical mastitis?

A

Changes to the udder

18
Q

What is grade 3 clinical mastitis?

A

Changes to the cow - sick

19
Q

What are the major contagious pathogens of clinical mastitis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Mycoplasma

20
Q

What other minor pathogens can cause clinical mastitis?

A

Corynebacterium bovis

Trueperella pyogenes

21
Q

How is staph aureus transmitted?

A

Mainly cow to cow

22
Q

What type of infection does staph aureus cause?

A

Persistent infection

23
Q

How is strep agalactiae transmitted/ transmitted?

A

Cow to cow

24
Q

Which pathogens causing clinical mastitis are now rare?

A

Strep agalactiae

Mycoplasma

25
Q

How can you control contagious pathogens?

A 
Milking routine
Parlour function
Vaccination
Culling 
Nutrition
26
Q

What are the two methods of treating intramammary infections aside from culling?

A

In lactation

Dry cow therapy

27
Q

What type of mastitis is dry cow therapy the best to treat?

A

Contagious mastitis

28
Q

What type of mastitis pathogen should you cull?

A

mycoplasma

Staph aureus

29
Q

What does corynebacterium bovis cause?

A

Teat duct infections

30
Q

What are the major environmental pathogens causing mastitis?

A

E coli
Strep uberis
Klebsiella
Enterobacter

31
Q

What are the minor environmental pathogens?

A

Strep dysgalactiae
Pseudomonas
Nocardia
Yeasts

32
Q

What types of strep are contagious and what types are environmental?

A

Agalactiae - contagious

Uberis and dysgalactiae - environmental

33
Q

When is strep uberis a major problem?

A

Dry period - bedding

34
Q

What part of the milking reduces the incidence for environmental mastitis?

A

Pre milking teat dip/cleaning

35
Q

What forms after drying off and what is used to replicate it?

A

Keratin plug

Teat sealant

36
Q

What type of dry cow therapy is used now?

A

Selective dry cow therapy
All get teat sealant
Only cows that nead it get antibiotics

37
Q

How do you treat coliform environmental pathogens (E coli, Klebsiella, enterobacter)?

A

According to clinical signs - high self cure rate

38
Q

How do you treat environmental streps (uberis, dysgalactiae)?

A

Antimicrobial therapy - high recurrence rate if untreated

39
Q

How do you treat most of the more minor environmental pathogens eg. pseudomonas, serratia, yeasts, nocardia?

A

Very difficult to cure - cull

40
Q

What steps are needed for herd level mastitis investigation?

A

Data collection and analysis
Diagnosis
Herd surveys

41
Q

What are the signs that the herd has a contagious mastitis problem?

A

Long duration
Chronic cases
Poor cure rate
Subclinical

42
Q

What are the signs that the herd has a environmental mastitis problem?

A

Seasonal effect

Higher new infection rate rather than chronic cases

CVSOH BVSc3 (60 decks)

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