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CVSOH BVSc3 > Lymphoid system pathology > Flashcards

Lymphoid system pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the thymus at sexual maturity?

A

It involutes

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2
Q

When is a very small thymus abnormal?

A

In neonates

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3
Q

What occurs in thymus atrophy?

A

Loss of cortical lymphocytes and lobular shrinkage

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4
Q

What can cause thymus atrophy?

A 
Viruses/infectious agents
Stress
Malnutrition
Immunotoxicants - radiation
environmental contaminants
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5
Q

What are thymic haemorrhages most common in?

A

Young dogs

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6
Q

What can cause thymic haemorrhage?

A

Trauma
Neoplasms
Rodenticide poisoning
Idiopathic

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7
Q

What is the benign tumour of the thymus called?

A

Thyoma - epithelial cell tumour

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8
Q

What is a malignant tumour of the thymus called?

A

Thymic carcinoma

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9
Q

What thymic tumours are common in cats and cows?

A

Thymic lymphomas

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10
Q

What are the two main structures that make up the spleen?

A

Red and white pulp

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11
Q

What is the red pulp for in the spleen?

A

Erythrocyte storage and filter

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12
Q

What is the white pulp made up of in the spleen?

A

Macrophages, antigen presenting cells, lymphocytes

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13
Q

What can cause splenic atrophy?

A

Cachexia (wasting)
Chronic radiation
Being old

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14
Q

What is an incidental finding in the spleens of old dogs?

A

Siderotic plaques - crusty bits from haemosiderin/calcium deposits

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15
Q

What can build up in the spleen abnormally?

A

Erythropoietin - iron deposits

Amyloid

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16
Q

What is splenic infarction?

A

Local area of peracute ischaemia

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17
Q

What can cause splenic infacrction?

A

Thrombi

Neoplasia

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18
Q

What does an acute infarct look like?

A

Dard red, raised, ahemorrhagic

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19
Q

What does a chronic infarct look like?

A

Grey/white, wedge shaped, sharply demarcated

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20
Q

What are affected by splenic torsion/volvulus

A

Large dog breeds

Pigs

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21
Q

What happens in splenic torsion?

A

Complete twist of the gastrosplenic ligament

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22
Q

What can splenic rupture cause?

A

Haematoma

Spleen fragments disseminate into omentum

23
Q

What is a splenic haematoma?

A

Bulging mass on spleen

24
Q

What are some examples of pathogens causing splenitis?

A

Anthrax
Salmonellosis
Strep
TB

25
Q

What is nodular hyperplasia of the spleen found in?

A

Older dogs

26
Q

What are predominantly in nodular hyperplasia of the spleen?

A

Lymphocytes

Can lead to haematoma

27
Q

What is extramedullary haematopoiesis?

A

Development of blood cells in tissues outside the medullary cavity of bone

28
Q

What are the two main tumours of the spleen?

A

Haemangiosarcoma - malignant tumour from vascular endothelium
Lymphoma

29
Q

What can cause atrophy of the lymph nodes?

A 
Viral infections
Malnutrition/cachexia
Old age
Toxins
Absence of antigenic stimulation
30
Q

What causes haemosiderin deposition in the lymph nodes/spleen?

A

Haemorrhage or prolonged stasis
Iron injections in piglets
Melanin

31
Q

What can cause gas accumilation in lymph nodes?

A

Drainage of emphysematous lesions

32
Q

What can cause lymph cysts?

A

Poor downstream drainage so lymph accumilates

33
Q

What pathogens can cause lymphadenitis (inflammation of lymph node)?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Strep equi equi
TB
Feline coronavirus

34
Q

What bacteria causes caseous lymphadenitis?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

35
Q

What bacteria cause granulomatous lymphadenitis?

A

Mycobacterium bovis - TB

36
Q

What is the main primary tumour of lymph nodes?

A

Lymphoma

37
Q

What is the main secondary tumour of the lymph nodes?

A

Carcinomas - metastatic

38
Q

What can lymphatic rupture cause?

A

Chylothorax

39
Q

What is a lymphoma?

A

Neoplastic lymphoid cells in solid lymphoid organs/tissues

40
Q

What is leukaemia?

A

Neoplastic cells arising from the bone marrow that may have detectable neoplastic cells circulating in the blood

41
Q

What is the most common type of lymphoma?

A

Multicentric lymphoma

42
Q

What cells are affected in multicentric lymphoma?

A

B and T lymphocytes

43
Q

Where does multicentric lymphoma originate from?

A

The lymphoid and non lymphoid organs

44
Q

What cells does cutaneous lymphoma affect?

A

T cells

45
Q

What is the name for cutaneous lymphoma which targets the epithelium?

A

Mycosis fungoides

46
Q

What are the main symptoms of cutaneous lymphoma/mycosis fungoides?

A

Diffuse erythema, scaling, hypopigmentation, nodules

47
Q

What are the different types of alimentary lymphoma?

A

Segmental or diffuse

T or B cell

48
Q

Where do alimentary lymphomas metastasise to?

A

Mesenteric lymph nodes

49
Q

What viruses can cause lymphoma?

A

Feline leukaemia virus
Gammaretrovirus
Bovine leukaemia virus

50
Q

How does feline leukaemia virus cause lymphomas?

A

Neoplastic transformation caused by insertional mutagenesis

51
Q

How does bovine leukaemia virus cause lymphomas?

A

Carries additional genes that encode differnet proteins

52
Q

What lymphoma can affect calves that isnt BLV?

A

Sporadic lymphoma

53
Q

What is a lymphomatous disease of domestic fowl?

A

Marek’s disease

54
Q

What is marek’s disease caused by?

A

Alpha herpes virus

CVSOH BVSc3 (60 decks)

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