Bacteriology - respiratory, mycobacteria and corynebacteria Flashcards
Is pasteurella gram positive or negative?
Gram negative
What category of conditions does pasteurella need?
Facultative anaerobes
Where does pasteurella affect?
Lungs and upper rest tract
What disease in cattle are cause by pasteurella multocida/haemolytica?
Shipping fever - Stressful event causes viral infection which allows pasteurella to overgrow
What disease in rabbits is caused by P. multocida?
Snuffles
What category of conditions does haemophilus need?
Facultative anaerobes
Is haematophilus gram positive or gram negative?
Gram negative
What shape is haemophilus?
Coccobacilli pleomorphic
What diseases does haematophilus influenzae cause?
Resp, joints and brain infections in humans and primates - primarily resp disease but can spread around the body
What diseases does haematophilus somnus cause?
Resp, joints, genital and brain infections in cattle
What category of conditions does bordetella need?
Aerobic
Is bordetella gram positive or gram negative?
Gram negative
How does bordetella cause disease?
When mucociliary escalator stops working, bacteria builds up on ciliated epithelium and produces toxins
What diseases are associated with bordetella?
Whooping cough
Kennel cough
Atrophic rhinitis in pigs
What does moraxella cause?
Bovine keratoconjunctivitis
How does moraxella cause disease?
Sticks to cells using fimbrae and uses the nutrients - parasitic
What are classed as mollicutes?
End in plasma eg. mycoplasma, haemoplasma
What are the main features of mollicutes?
Very small
No rigid cell wall
Appear gram negative
What do mollicutes cause?
Chronic low grade infections - survive intracellularly in host cells
Cytotoxic
What category of conditions do mycoBACTERIA need? (not mycoplasma)
Aerobic
Are mycobacteria gram positive or gram negative?
Gram positive
What feature of mycobacteria help them hide from the immune system?
High (cell wall) lipid content - waxy
What do mycobacteria look like?
Plump rods/clumps - non motile and non-sporing
What stain do you need for mycobacteria?
Ziehl-Neelsen stain with acid-alcohol bcos waxy
What do mycobacteria cause?
Tuberculosis
What are the two forms of TB?
Miliary TB, lots of small foci of infection
Granulomatous/Tubercle formation - when infected macrophages aggregate etc.
How does M. bovis spread?
Inhalation/ingestion
How does mycobacterium avium in birds spread?
Faecal-oral route - in GI tract rather than lungs
What is another disease that is caused by mycobacterium avium in ruminants?
Johne’s disease - M. avium subsp paratuberculosis
How does Johne’s disease (M. avium subsp paratuberculosis) spread?
Faecal-oral spread
What does Johne’s disease (M. avium subsp paratuberculosis) cause?
Chronic enteritis - granulomas that spread down the gut and cause diarrhoea
Wasting and death in 2-3 years
How do you control Johnes disease?
Johnin test - test whole herd as works better
What is the main disease of corynebacterium in humans?
C. diphtheria
Are corynebacterium gram positive or gram negative?
Gram positive
What do corynebacterium look like?
Pleomorphic - some look like Chinese letters, slender rods
What are the three types of corynebacterium in animals?
C. renale
C. pseudotuberculosis
Rhodococcus equi
What do corynebacteria look like in culture?
Dry and crumbly
Non haemolytic
What disease does C. renale cause in cattle?
Cattle cystitis and pyelonephritis - kidney infection
How is C. renale transmitted?
Venereally and in urine
What disease does C. pseudotuberculosis cause?
Caseous lymphadenitis - chronic, lots of green odourless pus, from infected macrophages
How is rhodococcus equi transmitted?
Inhalation from bacteria in the soil
What disease does rhodococcus equi cause?
Lymphadenitis
