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CVSOH BVSc3 > Bacteriology - respiratory, mycobacteria and corynebacteria > Flashcards

Bacteriology - respiratory, mycobacteria and corynebacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Is pasteurella gram positive or negative?

A

Gram negative

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2
Q

What category of conditions does pasteurella need?

A

Facultative anaerobes

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3
Q

Where does pasteurella affect?

A

Lungs and upper rest tract

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4
Q

What disease in cattle are cause by pasteurella multocida/haemolytica?

A

Shipping fever - Stressful event causes viral infection which allows pasteurella to overgrow

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5
Q

What disease in rabbits is caused by P. multocida?

A

Snuffles

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6
Q

What category of conditions does haemophilus need?

A

Facultative anaerobes

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7
Q

Is haematophilus gram positive or gram negative?

A

Gram negative

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8
Q

What shape is haemophilus?

A

Coccobacilli pleomorphic

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9
Q

What diseases does haematophilus influenzae cause?

A

Resp, joints and brain infections in humans and primates - primarily resp disease but can spread around the body

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10
Q

What diseases does haematophilus somnus cause?

A

Resp, joints, genital and brain infections in cattle

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11
Q

What category of conditions does bordetella need?

A

Aerobic

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12
Q

Is bordetella gram positive or gram negative?

A

Gram negative

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13
Q

How does bordetella cause disease?

A

When mucociliary escalator stops working, bacteria builds up on ciliated epithelium and produces toxins

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14
Q

What diseases are associated with bordetella?

A

Whooping cough
Kennel cough
Atrophic rhinitis in pigs

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15
Q

What does moraxella cause?

A

Bovine keratoconjunctivitis

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16
Q

How does moraxella cause disease?

A

Sticks to cells using fimbrae and uses the nutrients - parasitic

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17
Q

What are classed as mollicutes?

A

End in plasma eg. mycoplasma, haemoplasma

18
Q

What are the main features of mollicutes?

A

Very small
No rigid cell wall
Appear gram negative

19
Q

What do mollicutes cause?

A

Chronic low grade infections - survive intracellularly in host cells
Cytotoxic

20
Q

What category of conditions do mycoBACTERIA need? (not mycoplasma)

A

Aerobic

21
Q

Are mycobacteria gram positive or gram negative?

A

Gram positive

22
Q

What feature of mycobacteria help them hide from the immune system?

A

High (cell wall) lipid content - waxy

23
Q

What do mycobacteria look like?

A

Plump rods/clumps - non motile and non-sporing

24
Q

What stain do you need for mycobacteria?

A

Ziehl-Neelsen stain with acid-alcohol bcos waxy

25
Q

What do mycobacteria cause?

A

Tuberculosis

26
Q

What are the two forms of TB?

A

Miliary TB, lots of small foci of infection

Granulomatous/Tubercle formation - when infected macrophages aggregate etc.

27
Q

How does M. bovis spread?

A

Inhalation/ingestion

28
Q

How does mycobacterium avium in birds spread?

A

Faecal-oral route - in GI tract rather than lungs

29
Q

What is another disease that is caused by mycobacterium avium in ruminants?

A

Johne’s disease - M. avium subsp paratuberculosis

30
Q

How does Johne’s disease (M. avium subsp paratuberculosis) spread?

A

Faecal-oral spread

31
Q

What does Johne’s disease (M. avium subsp paratuberculosis) cause?

A

Chronic enteritis - granulomas that spread down the gut and cause diarrhoea
Wasting and death in 2-3 years

32
Q

How do you control Johnes disease?

A

Johnin test - test whole herd as works better

33
Q

What is the main disease of corynebacterium in humans?

A

C. diphtheria

34
Q

Are corynebacterium gram positive or gram negative?

A

Gram positive

35
Q

What do corynebacterium look like?

A

Pleomorphic - some look like Chinese letters, slender rods

36
Q

What are the three types of corynebacterium in animals?

A

C. renale
C. pseudotuberculosis
Rhodococcus equi

37
Q

What do corynebacteria look like in culture?

A

Dry and crumbly

Non haemolytic

38
Q

What disease does C. renale cause in cattle?

A

Cattle cystitis and pyelonephritis - kidney infection

39
Q

How is C. renale transmitted?

A

Venereally and in urine

40
Q

What disease does C. pseudotuberculosis cause?

A

Caseous lymphadenitis - chronic, lots of green odourless pus, from infected macrophages

41
Q

How is rhodococcus equi transmitted?

A

Inhalation from bacteria in the soil

42
Q

What disease does rhodococcus equi cause?

A

Lymphadenitis

CVSOH BVSc3 (60 decks)

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