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CVSOH BVSc3 > Dog reproduction > Flashcards

Dog reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

How long does the whole oestrus cycle take in dogs?

A

6-7 months

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2
Q

How long is pro-oestrus in dogs?

A

9 days

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3
Q

What changes occur in pro-oestrus in dogs?

A

Will call to males
Wont stand to mate
Bloody discharge

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4
Q

What changes occur in oestrus in dogs?

A

Vascularisation of repro react
swollen vulva
Will stand for mating/lordosis
Clear discharge

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5
Q

What occurs in the luteal phase?

A

Progesterone produced by CL
Cervix closes
Prolonged in the bitch - 6-8 weeks
Same if pregnant or not pregnant

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6
Q

How long does oestrus last in dogs?

A

9 days

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7
Q

When is ovulation?

A

1-3 days after oestrus

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8
Q

How to tell the optimal time to mate?

A

Hormone concentrations
Vaginal cytology
Vaginoscopy

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9
Q

Which hormone is the most helpful to tell when ovulation is in the dog? Why?

A

Progesterone

Starts to increase just before ovulation

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10
Q

How can you tell oestrus on exfoliative cytology from vaginal smear?

A

Thick stratified epithelium
Reduced amount of RBCs
When 75% or more of acellular squames

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11
Q

When is mating best for conception?

A

The first few days after ovulation

But fertile period is actually very wide in bitch

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12
Q

How do you supress oestrus in the bitch?

A

Surgical

Medical - progestogens, androgens, GnRH agonists

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13
Q

When should you perform spay in dogs?

A

3-4 months after oestrus in larger breeds

Prepubertal

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14
Q

What are some risks of giving progestogens for medical oestrus supression?

A

Development of pyometra, diabetes

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15
Q

What can you give to cause abortion after misalliance?

A

Aglepristone - anti-progestin
(Alazin )

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16
Q

How does aglepristone work to cause abortion?

A

High affinity for uterine progesterone receptor

Stops progesterone binding to receptor so pregnancy cant occur

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17
Q

How soon do you have to give aglepristone?

A

Effective prior to day 22 - so no rush

18
Q

What is pseudocyesis?

A

Pseudopregnancy - long luteal phase even if not pregnant

19
Q

What causes pseudocyesis?

A

Prolactin

20
Q

How can you treat pseudocyesis?

A

Just leave alone
Prolactin inhibitor
Neuter

21
Q

What is cystic endometrial hyperplasia?

A

Proliferation of endometrial glands and hyperplasia of endometrium

22
Q

What causes cystic endometrial hyperplasia?

A

Oestrogen

23
Q

What can cause pyometra?

A

Progesterone - dampens immune system to prepare for pregnancy but this can cause pyometra

24
Q

How do you treat pyometra?

A

Ovariohysterectomy
Antibiotics
IV fluids

25
Q

What is the difference between pregnancy diagnosis using abdominal ultrasound or abdominal x rays?

A

Cant definitively confirm no of puppies with ultrasound

X ray - day 42 onwards, quite late

26
Q

How can you terminate pregnancy in the dog?

A

Surgery

Medical

27
Q

What drugs can you give to terminate pregnancy?

A

Antiprogestin - aglepristone

Antiprolactin - cabergoline

28
Q

How long is gestation in the dog?

A

63 days from ovulation

More variable from time of service

29
Q

What can you check in an overdue bitch?

A

Plasma progesterone - will drop 24 hours before whelping

30
Q

What does a drop in plasma progesterone cause in bitches?

A

Drop in body temperature - lasts 12 hours

31
Q

What does green discharge mean?

A

Placenta and puppies have separated

32
Q

What is the most common cause of dystocia in bitches?

A

Uterine inertia unterine contractions are not happening

33
Q

What are some maternal causes of dystocia in dogs?

A

Uterine inertia
Abnormal pelvi canal
Stenosis

34
Q

What are some foetal causes of dystocia in dogs?

A

Oversized
Malposition/Malpresentation
Brachycephalic

35
Q

What are the 3 drugs you use to medically manage dystocia?

A

Oxytocin
Calcium gluconate
Dextrose infusion

36
Q

How does oxytocin help with dystocia?

A

Increases the frequency of uterine contractions

37
Q

How does Calcium gluconate help with dystocia?

A

Increases the strength of contractions

38
Q

How doe dextrose infusion help with dystocia?

A

Gives more energy, increases glucose levels

39
Q

What are the 3 indications for a caesarean?

A

Failure to respond to medical management of dystocia or manipulation
If there is a pelvic abnormality
If foetal distress is evident

40
Q

What typically causes metritis in dogs?

A

E. coli - retained foetus or placenta

41
Q

What is eclampsia and what does it cause?

A

Hypocalcaemia after parturition causing illness and seizures

42
Q

What is agalacita?

A

Failure of letdown of the milk

CVSOH BVSc3 (60 decks)

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