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CVSOH BVSc3 > Ectoparaciticides > Flashcards

Ectoparaciticides Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs affect acetylcholine?

A

Organophosphates

carbamates

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2
Q

What drugs affect axonal sodium channels?

A

Pyrethroids

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3
Q

What drugs affect the octopamine system?

A

Amidines

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4
Q

What drugs affect the chloride channels?

A

Avermectins, fipronil, isoxazolines

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5
Q

What drug acts on insect growth regulators - juvenile hormones?

A

Methoprene

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6
Q

What drug acts on insect growth regulators - chitin synthesis inhibitors?

A

Benzoyl urea derivatives

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7
Q

What are 4 modes of application of ectoparasiticides?

A

Systemic treatment of the host
Topical application
Dips
Bands, collars and tags

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8
Q

How do organophosphates kill ectoparasites?

A

Irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase

Causes flaccid paralysis

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9
Q

How do carbamates kill ectoparasites?

A

Reversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase

Causes flaccid paralysis

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10
Q

How are organophosphates administered?

A

All routes - absorbed systemically by host

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11
Q

How are carbamates administered?

A

Topically

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12
Q

How does Imidacloprid (neonicotinoid) kill ectoparasites?

A

Partial agonist at nicotinic ACh receptors in
insect CNS
Causes depolarising block and flaccid paralysis

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13
Q

How is Imidacloprid administered?

A

Spot on

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14
Q

How do pyrethroids kill ectoparasites?

A

Opens sodium channel

Causes prolonged depolarising afterpotential

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15
Q

How are pyrethroids selectively toxic?

A

Temperature dependence - insects colder
Metabolic rate - insects slower
Body size - small less chance to metabolise

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16
Q

How are pyrethroids administered?

A

Topically

17
Q

How do amidines kill ectoparasites?

A

Agonists of the octopamine receptor

18
Q

What is octopamine?

A

Invertebrate equivalent of noradrenaline neurotransmitter

19
Q

What is the consequence of amidines on parasites?

A

CNS hyperexcitability

Death

20
Q

How are amidines administered?

A

Topically

21
Q

What do pyrethroids always end in?

A

-thrin

22
Q

How does fipronil kill ectoparasites?

A

Antagonist of GABA receptors

Causes hyperexcitation in the CNS, convulsions and death

23
Q

How is fipronil administered?

A

Spray or spot on

Stored in sebaceous glands for 3 months

24
Q

What is a side effect of fipronil?

A

Hypersalivation if licked

25
Q

How do avermectins kill ectoparasites?

A

Activate the GABA receptor which inhibits neurotransmission

26
Q

How are avermectins administered?

A

Systemically by injection or orally

27
Q

What are avermectins used to treat?

A 
Arthropod ectoparasites 
Fleas
Mites
Lice
Nematodes
28
Q

What is a new ectoparasiticide that can help with resistance? How?

A

Isoxazolines

Acts at a different binding site to the other GABA antagonists

29
Q

How does methoprene and pyriproxyfen affect ectoparasites?

A

Prevent metamorphosis by mimicing insect juvenile hormone

30
Q

How do benzoyl ureas affect ectoparasites?

A

Inhibit the enzymes than synthesise chitin

Affects the development of the fleas offspring

31
Q

How are benzoyl ureas administered?

A

Orally

CVSOH BVSc3 (60 decks)

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