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CVSOH BVSc3 > Feline diseases > Flashcards

Feline diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is FeLV?

A

Feline leukaemia virus

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2
Q

What is FIV?

A

Feline immunodeficiency virus

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3
Q

What category of virus are FeLV and FIV?

A

Retroviruses

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4
Q

What is the prevalence of FeLV and FIV?

A

FeLV - 3% of shelter cats

FIV - 11% of shelter cats

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5
Q

What type of signalment of cat is FeLV normally found in?

A

Adult cats

Clinically ill

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6
Q

What type of signalment of cat is FIV found in?

A 
Adult males (neutered or entire)
With outdoor access
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7
Q

How is FeLV transmitted?

A

Close prolonged contact

Oronasal exposure to infected saliva

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8
Q

How is FIV transmitted?

A

Biting and fighting

Infected saliva and blood

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9
Q

How does transmission of FeLV and FIV compare?

A

FeLV - friendly virus

FIV - unfriendly virus

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10
Q

What does abortive exposure to FeLV mean?

A

Virus is overcome - immune system gets rid of the virus before it becomes a problem

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11
Q

What are the two different forms of FeLV infection?

A

Transient viraemia

Persistent viraemia

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12
Q

What is a transient viraemia?

A

Virus is overcome but after a while (4 weeks)

Bone marrow will be infected after 3 weeks

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13
Q

What is FeLV infection of the bone marrow called?

A

Latent infection - provirus is present

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14
Q

What is a persistent viraemia?

A

Lifelong infection

Poor prognosis

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15
Q

How is the pathogenesis of FIV different to FeLV?

A

Do not recover from FIV infection

Can recover from FeLV

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16
Q

What are the stages of FIV infection?

A

Primary infection - first few weeks, mild illness
Asymptomatic period
May have recurrent infections - feline AIDS

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17
Q

What are the main clinical signs of FeLV?

A

Immunosuppression
Anaemia - regen and non-regen
Neoplasia

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18
Q

What are the main clinical signs of FIV?

A 
Immunosuppression
Anaemia 
Chlamydia felis
Herpes virus
Chronic rhinitis
Stomatitis/gingivitis
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19
Q

How do you diagnose FeLV?

A

ELISA
PCR
Immunoflorescence

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20
Q

What is detected in the FeLV test?

A

Antigen - p27

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21
Q

How do you tell if it is a transient/regressive FeLV infection or persistent/progressive FeLV infection?

A

Retest after 4 weeks

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22
Q

How do you diagnose FIV?

A

ELISA

PCR

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23
Q

What is detected in the FIV ELISA test?

A

Antibodies - p24

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24
Q

How do you test kittens born to an FIV infected queen?

A

Test after 6 months old due to maternally derived antibodies

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25
Q

What is detected in the FIV PCR test?

A

Provirus

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26
Q

When are false positives for FeLV and FIV a worry?

A

In healthy cats - 50% likely to be a false positive

only 10% likely to be a false positive in sick cats

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27
Q

How do you treat FIV?

A

Treat secondary infections
Treat lymphomas with chemo/radiotherapy
AZT - stomatitis/gingivitis

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28
Q

How do you treat FeLV?

A

Treat secondary infections

Treat lymphomas with chemo/radiotherapy

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29
Q

How do you prevent FeLV and FIV?

A

Keep indoors, neuter, separate
Vaccinate for FeLV - non core vaccine
No vaccine for FIV

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30
Q

What is the prognosis of FeLV?

A

85% of viraemic cats die in less that 3 years

31
Q

What is the prognosis of FIV?

A

Often can survive many years with good healthcare

32
Q

What are the most important causes of cat flu?

A

FHV-1 - feline herpes virus

FCV - feline calicivirus

33
Q

How long does FHV survive in the environment?

A

18 hrs - enveloped

34
Q

How long does FCV survive in the environment?

A

Fairly labile - 7-10 days but up to a month - non-enveloped

35
Q

How are FHV and FCV transmitted?

A

Via nasal, oral and conjunctival routes

36
Q

What are the two periods of FHV infection?

A

Latency

Intermittent shedding - 1-2 weeks

37
Q

When are cats infectious with FCV?

A

Shedding of virus is persistent/continuous

No latency

38
Q

What are the clinical signs of FHV?

A

Rhinitis
Pharyngitis/laryngitis
Dendritic ulcers
Facial dermatitis

39
Q

What are the clinical signs of FCV?

A

Lingual ulcers
Chronic gingivostomatitis
Respiratory - cat flu
Fever, anorexia

40
Q

What is the mortality of systemic FCV?

A

30-50%

41
Q

How do you control FHV and FCV?

A

Vaccinate - doesnt prevent infection, but reduces severity of clinical disease

42
Q

When should you vaccinate against FHV/FCV?

A

1st - 8 weeks
2nd - 12 weeks
Ideally 3rd - 16 weeks

43
Q

When should you booster vaccinate?

A

Every 1-3 years depending on risk

44
Q

What is the most common cause of conjunctivitis in cats?

A

Chlamydia felis

45
Q

How good is chlamydia felis at surviving in the environment?

A

Only a few days - obligate intracellular pathogen

46
Q

How is chlamydia felis transmitted?

A

From ocular secretions

47
Q

How long are animals infectious for chlamydia felis?

A

Prolonged shedding - up to 18 months

48
Q

What are the clinical signs of chlamydia felis?

A

Conjunctivitis
Ocular discharge
Chemosis - swollen conjunctiva
Not corneal ulceration - more likely to be FHV

49
Q

How do you diagnose chlamydia felis?

A

PCR

50
Q

How do you treat chlamydia felis?

A

Tetracyclines - doxycycline

Prolonged systemic treatment

51
Q

How can you prevent chlamydia felis?

A

Vaccinate - non core, yearly, reduces severity

52
Q

How common is infection of cats with bordetella bronchiseptica?

A

Infection is common but disease is rare

53
Q

What increases the chances of getting bordetella bronchiseptica?

A

Dogs in household - kennel cough

54
Q

How is bordetella bronchiseptica spread in cats?

A

Nasal and oral secretions

55
Q

What are the clinical signs of bordetella bronchiseptica?

A

Respiratory disease
Coughing - destroy cilia
Pneumonia

56
Q

How do you diagnose bordetella bronchiseptica?

A

PCR

Culture

57
Q

How do you treat bordetella bronchiseptica?

A

Tetracyclines - doxycycline

58
Q

How can you prevent bordetella bronchiseptica?

A

Vaccination - non core, uncommon

59
Q

What type of pathogen is toxoplasma gondii?

A

Intracellular protozoa

60
Q

How are cats infected with toxoplasma gondii?

A

Ingestion of cysts in tissues

Kittens from queen

61
Q

How long are cats infectious for toxoplasma gondii?

A

Shed for 10-14 days

After that they develop antibodies and are fine

62
Q

How long can sporulated oocysts survive in the environment?

A

18 months

63
Q

What are the clinical signs of toxoplasma gondii?

A

CNS signs
Muscle inflammation
Uveitis of eyes

64
Q

How do you diagnose toxoplasma gondii?

A

PCR

Serology - IgM

65
Q

How do you treat toxoplasma gondii?

A

Clindamycin (macrolide)

Ocular treatment of uveitis

66
Q

What is the zoonotic risk of toxoplasma gondii?

A

Human abortion
Immunocompromised
Young/old

67
Q

How do you reduce zoonotic risk of toxoplasma gondii?

A

Empty litter trays daily so oocysts cant sporulate
Only feed commercial cat food
Wash hands etc.

68
Q

What are haemoplasmas?

A

Epicellular bacteria that attach to the

surface of red blood cells - mycoplasma

69
Q

What do haemoplasmas cause?

A

Haemolysis - regenerative anaemia

70
Q

What type of cats is haemoplasmosis normally found?

A

Older male outdoor cats - bite history

71
Q

How is haemoplasmosis diagnosed?

A

Haematology - regen anaemia

PCR

72
Q

How do you treat haemoplasmosis?

A

Doxycycline

Supportive care

73
Q

What is the prognosis of haemoplasmosis?

A

Good with prompt treatment

Can become asymptomatic carrier

CVSOH BVSc3 (60 decks)

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