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CVSOH BVSc3 > Repro tract surgery > Flashcards

Repro tract surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What is benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

Glandular hyperplasia under the influence of testosterone and oestrogen

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2
Q

How can you treat benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

Medical - antiandrogens

Castration

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3
Q

What can cause prostatic abcesses?

A

E coli
Staph
From prostatitis

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4
Q

How do you treat prostatic abcesses?

A

Antibiotics
Surgical drainage
Castration

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5
Q

How can you treat prostatic cysts?

A

Drain via ultrasound - refill
Resection/omentalisation
Castration

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6
Q

What is the most common prostatic neoplasia/

A

Adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

How should you treat prostatic neoplasia?

A

DO NOT CASTRATE - increases risk
NSAIIDS
Surgery - remove prostate
Urethral stent

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8
Q

What are common testicular neoplasias?

A

Sertoli cell tumours - produce oestrogens

Seminomas - seminiferous tubules

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9
Q

How can you treat testicular tumours?

A

Castration with scrotal ablation

Chemo for metastasis

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10
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

Abnormal termination of the urethra due to failure of fusion of hte urogenital folds
Congenital defect

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11
Q

How can you treat penile tumours?

A

Penile amputation

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12
Q

What are the most common tumours of the prepuce?

A

Mast cell tumours

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13
Q

How can you treat paraphimosis in a dog?

A 
Reduce size of penis
ACP sedative
Lubricate penis
Place urinary catheter
Surgical - narrow/enlarge  preputial orifice
Prepucial lengthening
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14
Q

How can you treat priapism?

A

Treat underlying cause - pelvic nerve injury

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15
Q

How can you treat a urethral prolapse?

A

Treat underlying cause

Castrate

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16
Q

What signs do follicular ovarian cysts in dogs cause?

A

Pro-oestrus signs

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17
Q

What signs do luteal ovarian cysts in dogs cause?

A

Oestrus signs

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18
Q

What is the most common ovarian tumour in dogs?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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19
Q

What is the most common bacteria causing pyometra?

A

E coli

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20
Q

How do you treat pyometra?

A

Surgery - ovariohysterectomy

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21
Q

What are uterine/vaginal neoplasias called?

A

Leiomyoma

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22
Q

How do you treat a benign vaginal neoplasia?

A

Episiotomy - through perineum

Or ligation of pedicle

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23
Q

When does vaginal prolapse occur?

A

During oestrus or proestrus

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24
Q

How do you treat vaginal prolapse?

A

Keep clean and moist
Reincorporation
Ovariohysterectomy

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25
Q

How can you prevent mammary neoplasias?

A

Ovariohysterectomy only if before 1st heat cycle

26
Q

How many pairs of mammary glands do dogs have?

A

5

27
Q

How many pairs of mammary glands do cats have?

A

4

28
Q

Where do mammary glands 1-3 drain to?

A

Axillary LN

29
Q

Where do mammary glands 4-5 drain to?

A

Inguinal LN

30
Q

What technique is best for mammary neoplasia removal in cats?

A

Radical bilateral mastectomies

31
Q

What vessels do you have to be careful of in mastectomies?

A

Caudal and cranial superficial epigastric arteries

32
Q

Why should you spay?

A

Population control
Elective
Therapeutic
Control hereditary diseases

33
Q

When should you do a bitch spay?

A

Anoestrus - 3 months after end of season

34
Q

What ligament should you break down during a spay?

A

Suspensory ligament

35
Q

When do you do a cat spay?

A

4-6 months - before coming into first season

36
Q

Where do you incise in dogs and cats?

A

Dogs - midline

Cats - flank

37
Q

When do you do a c section?

A

Emergency - inertia, straining, stillborns, distress

38
Q

What are some complications from spaying?

A 
Haemorrhage
Ovarian remnant syndrome
Urinary tract injury
Hernea
Infection
39
Q

Why should you castrate?

A

Population control
Behavioural modification
Prevent disease
Control hereditary diseases

40
Q

What are some side effects of castration?

A

Weight gain

Behaviour changes eg. more nervous

41
Q

When should you castrate dogs?

A

6-9 months

42
Q

When should you castrate cats?

A

4-6 months - like spay

43
Q

What are some complications of dog castration?

A

Scrotal bruising/swelling
Haemorrhage
Infection
Self trauma

44
Q

What are different types of restraint for large animal surgery?

A

Halter
Cattle crush
Tail restraint

45
Q

What are the 3 local anaesthetic techniques?

A

Infiltration
Paravertebral
Epidural

46
Q

What site should you do a c section in cows?

A

Left sided paralumbar fossa laparotomy

47
Q

What is good about paravertebral block?

A

Anaesthetises whole flank

Allows extension of incision if required

48
Q

What are the 3 layers of abdominal closure in large animal c section?

A

Peritoneum and transverse abdominis
Internal abdominal oblique
External abdominal oblique
Skin

49
Q

What suture should you use in the skin in large animal c section

A

Ford interlocking suture pattern

50
Q

What are some post LA c section complications?

A

Retained foetal membranes
Infections
Reduced fertility

51
Q

Who can carry out dehorning?

A

Only a vet over 2 months of age

Only a vet in a sheep or goat

52
Q

What nerve do you block in dehorning?

A

Cornual nerve

53
Q

What are some complications of dehorning?

A 
Inadequate anaesthesia
Haemorrhage
Infection - sinusitis
Fly strike
Regrowth
54
Q

What are 2 bloodless castration techniques?

A

Elastrator rings

Burdizzo

55
Q

What are 2 surgical castration techniques?

A

Traction and torsion

Emasculators

56
Q

When can elastrator rings be used?

A

<7 days

57
Q

What are burdizzo complications?

A

Crush urethra

Incomplete castration

58
Q

How and where do you use the burdizzo?

A

10 seconds crush
Distal each time
4 times

59
Q

When should surgical castration be used?

A

Only in healthy animals

60
Q

What are complications of surgical castration in cows?

A

Haemorrhage
Infection
Fly strike
Tetanus

CVSOH BVSc3 (60 decks)

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