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CVSOH BVSc3 > Acquired cardiac diseases > Flashcards

Acquired cardiac diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main acquired cardiac diseases in dogs?

A

Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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2
Q

What side of the heart does MMVD affect?

A

Left sided cardiac heart failure

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3
Q

What can be seen on radiograph for MMVD?

A

Left atrial enlargement

Interstitial lung patterns

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4
Q

What can be seen on ECG for MMVD?

A

sinus tachycardia with supraventricular premature complex

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5
Q

What can be seen on echocardiography for MMVD?

A

Valve prolapse
Valve thickening
Severe mitral blood regurgitation

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6
Q

What is a summary of findings in MMVD?

A

Cardiomegaly
Pulmonary oedema
Distended pulmonary veins

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7
Q

What is the goal for treating MMVD?

A

Reduce preload
Reduce afterload
Increase contractility

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8
Q

What are the standard 4 medications used to treat MMVD in dogs?

A

Furosemide - pulmonary oedema
Pimobendan - contractility
ACE inhibitor benazepril - RAAS, reduce water retention
Spironolactone - remodelling

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9
Q

What does dilated cardiomyopathy look like on radiograph?

A

Pulmonary oedema
Dilated round left ventricle
Left atrial enlargement
Elevated trachea

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10
Q

What does dilated cardiomyopathy look like on ECG?

A

Atrial fibrillation

Ventricular premature complexes

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11
Q

How do you treat dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

CHF - Furosemide, Pimobendan

Atrial fibrillation – Diltiazem + Digoxin

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12
Q

What are the main acquired cardiac disease in cats?

A

Hypertrophic (obstructive) cardiomyopathy

Sometimes restrictive cardiomyopathy

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13
Q

What does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cause in cats?

A

Murmur, gallop arrhythmia
Increased ventricle stiffness - cant relax during diastole
Left atrial dilatation
Pulmonary oedema - LsCHF

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14
Q

What is the difference between hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - increased wall thickness

Restrictive cardiomyopathy - normal wall thickness but increased stiffness

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15
Q

What is a risk from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Arterial thromboembolism

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16
Q

What are the signs of arterial thromboembolism?

A 
Lame
Pain
Cold
Pulseless
Cyanosis
17
Q

How do you treat hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A 
Drain pleural effusion
CHF (F, P, B, S) 
Furosemide
Pimobendan
Benazepril
Spironolactone
18
Q

How do you treat arterial thromboembolism?

A

Antiplatelets

19
Q

What is hypertrophic OBSTRUCTIVE cardiomyopathy?

A

Dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract

20
Q

What does hypertrophic OBSTRUCTIVE cardiomyopathy cause?

A

Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve

High P blood pulls MV leaflet towards ventricular septum further narrowing aortic tract

21
Q

How do you treat hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy?

A

Atenolol

Diltiazem

22
Q

What are the most common congenital cardiac defects in dogs?

A

Aortic Stenosis
Pulmonary Stenosis
Patent Ductus Arteriosis

23
Q

What are the most common congenital cardiac defects in cats?

A

Ventricular septal defect

Left AV valve dysplasia

24
Q

What cause systolic left sided heart murmurs?

A

Aortic/pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect
Mitral regurgitation

25
Q

What cause systolic right sided heart murmurs?

A

Ventricular septal defect

Tricuspid regurgitation

26
Q

What causes a continuous heart murmur?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus
Thrill palpable
(Quieter is worse)

27
Q

What is syncope?

A

Fainting

28
Q

Why does aortic stenosis cause syncope?

A

Fixed obstruction limits CO during exercise

29
Q

How can you treat aortic/pulmonary stenosis?

A

Atenolol (beta blocker) - reduces HR, prolongs diastole

Treat for CHF (F, B, S)

30
Q

What shouldnt you give if treating CHF in dog with aortic/pulmonary stenosis?

A

Pimobendan - will make ventricle work harder against a fixed obstruction

31
Q

How can you treat patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Surgical closure or Interventional device

32
Q

What side is the PDA mmurmur?

A

Heart base left

CVSOH BVSc3 (60 decks)

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