Acquired cardiac diseases Flashcards
What are the two main acquired cardiac diseases in dogs?
Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
What side of the heart does MMVD affect?
Left sided cardiac heart failure
What can be seen on radiograph for MMVD?
Left atrial enlargement
Interstitial lung patterns
What can be seen on ECG for MMVD?
sinus tachycardia with supraventricular premature complex
What can be seen on echocardiography for MMVD?
Valve prolapse
Valve thickening
Severe mitral blood regurgitation
What is a summary of findings in MMVD?
Cardiomegaly
Pulmonary oedema
Distended pulmonary veins
What is the goal for treating MMVD?
Reduce preload
Reduce afterload
Increase contractility
What are the standard 4 medications used to treat MMVD in dogs?
Furosemide - pulmonary oedema
Pimobendan - contractility
ACE inhibitor benazepril - RAAS, reduce water retention
Spironolactone - remodelling
What does dilated cardiomyopathy look like on radiograph?
Pulmonary oedema
Dilated round left ventricle
Left atrial enlargement
Elevated trachea
What does dilated cardiomyopathy look like on ECG?
Atrial fibrillation
Ventricular premature complexes
How do you treat dilated cardiomyopathy?
CHF - Furosemide, Pimobendan
Atrial fibrillation – Diltiazem + Digoxin
What are the main acquired cardiac disease in cats?
Hypertrophic (obstructive) cardiomyopathy
Sometimes restrictive cardiomyopathy
What does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cause in cats?
Murmur, gallop arrhythmia
Increased ventricle stiffness - cant relax during diastole
Left atrial dilatation
Pulmonary oedema - LsCHF
What is the difference between hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - increased wall thickness
Restrictive cardiomyopathy - normal wall thickness but increased stiffness
What is a risk from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Arterial thromboembolism
What are the signs of arterial thromboembolism?
Lame Pain Cold Pulseless Cyanosis
How do you treat hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Drain pleural effusion CHF (F, P, B, S) Furosemide Pimobendan Benazepril Spironolactone
How do you treat arterial thromboembolism?
Antiplatelets
What is hypertrophic OBSTRUCTIVE cardiomyopathy?
Dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract
What does hypertrophic OBSTRUCTIVE cardiomyopathy cause?
Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve
High P blood pulls MV leaflet towards ventricular septum further narrowing aortic tract
How do you treat hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy?
Atenolol
Diltiazem
What are the most common congenital cardiac defects in dogs?
Aortic Stenosis
Pulmonary Stenosis
Patent Ductus Arteriosis
What are the most common congenital cardiac defects in cats?
Ventricular septal defect
Left AV valve dysplasia
What cause systolic left sided heart murmurs?
Aortic/pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect
Mitral regurgitation
What cause systolic right sided heart murmurs?
Ventricular septal defect
Tricuspid regurgitation
What causes a continuous heart murmur?
Patent ductus arteriosus
Thrill palpable
(Quieter is worse)
What is syncope?
Fainting
Why does aortic stenosis cause syncope?
Fixed obstruction limits CO during exercise
How can you treat aortic/pulmonary stenosis?
Atenolol (beta blocker) - reduces HR, prolongs diastole
Treat for CHF (F, B, S)
What shouldnt you give if treating CHF in dog with aortic/pulmonary stenosis?
Pimobendan - will make ventricle work harder against a fixed obstruction
How can you treat patent ductus arteriosus?
Surgical closure or Interventional device
What side is the PDA mmurmur?
Heart base left
