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Physiotherapy > Rheumatology > Flashcards

Rheumatology Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA)

A

= a long-term inflammatory arthritis affect the spine and other joints, tendons and ligaments

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2
Q

What are the (8) symptoms of Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA)?

A
  • Low back pain (that starts before the age of 35-45 years and has lasted at least 3 months)
  • Associated night pain
  • Buttock pain
  • Symptoms that improve when you move around
  • Symptoms that improve with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - e.g, ibuprofen and aspirin
  • A close relative with spondyloarthritis
  • Associated with other type of arthritis (e.g., psoriasis)
  • Pain or swelling in the joints not caused by an injury
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3
Q

What is Rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • affects body’s immune system by attacking cells that line the joint and causes them to become inflamed (Arthritis Research UK 2008)
  • can limit motion and lead to damage of the joints, cartilage and nearby bone
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4
Q

What are the risk factors for Rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • genetic
  • more prevalent in people over 65 year olds (most likely develop between 30-50)
  • women are 3x more likely than men to be affected
  • smoking
  • infection or trauma
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5
Q

How does Rheumatoid arthritis affect patients?

A
  • Worry about becoming progressively disabled
  • Stop working sooner than expected (financial impact)
  • Be less independent
  • Experience changes in relationships
  • Worry about having additional children if diagnosed young
  • Feel isolated
  • Become depressed
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6
Q

What is Osteoarthritis?

A
  • degenerative joint disease in which tissues in the joints (i.e, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, synovium, bone) break down over time
  • small bone growths (called osteophytes or bone spurs) may grow on edges of the joint
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7
Q

What are the risk factors for Osteoarthritis?

A
  • more common with age
  • women are more likely to develop than men (especially after age 50)
  • younger people can develop due to sport injury, abnormal joint structure and genetic defect in joint cartilage
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8
Q

What fraction of Rheumatoid arthritis patients have major depression?

A

1/6

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9
Q

What fraction of Osteoarthritis patients report depression symptoms when the pain is the worst?

A

2/3

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10
Q

What is Rheumatology?

A

covers wide range of conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system

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11
Q

What are some examples of rheumatic diseases?

A
  • Microscopic polyangitis
  • Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus
  • Familial fever syndromes
  • Scleroderma
  • Polymyositis
  • Dermatomyositis
  • Acute rheumatic fever
  • Lyme disease
  • Rheumatic consequences of HIV infection
  • Polymyalgia rheumatica
  • Giant cell arteritis
  • Polyarteritis
  • Takayasu arteritis
  • Granulomatosis with polyangitis
  • Sjogren syndrome
  • Fibromyalgia
  • Gout
  • Pseudogout
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • Ankylosing spondylitis
  • Psoriatic arthritis
  • Reactive arthritis
  • Post-infection arthritis
  • Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis
  • Behcet syndrome
  • Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis
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12
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

A

a chronic autoimmune disease that can lead to inflammation and tissue damage in many parts of the body - skin, joints, heart, lungs, kidneys and brain

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13
Q

What are (11) common symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?

A
  • Arthritis – affecting two or more joints, causing stiffness and pain
  • Extreme fatigue and weakness
  • Malar (butterfly) rash over the cheeks – often photosensitive
  • Oral/nasal ulcers
  • Hair loss
  • Flu-like symptoms and/or night sweats
  • Inflammation of the tissues covering the internal organs (serositis) with associated chest and/or abdominal pain
  • Haematological disorders including anaemia
  • Kidney problems, often first seen as proteinuria
  • Seizures, mental illness or other cerebral problems
  • Headaches, migraine
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14
Q

What are the (10) symptoms of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (most commonly Hypermobile EDS)?

A
  • Focal and generalised joint pain (including dislocations)
  • Muscle spasms, muscle weakness, ‘restless legs’
  • Fatigue
  • Poor sleep
  • Anxiety
  • Gastrointestinal disorders (e.g. IBS, reflux, disordered gut motility)
  • Fragile/stretchy skin, poor wound healing, hernias, easy bruising
  • Headaches, brain fog, poor memory, poor concentration
  • Palpitations
  • Bladder/pelvic floor problems
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15
Q

What causes gout?

A
  • sedentary lifestyle and obesity
  • harmful products
  • kidneys don’t excrete uric acid (this builds u in joints and crystalises)
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16
Q

What treatment is there for gout?

A
  • anti-inflammatory drugs
  • painkillers
17
Q

What are the symptoms of gout?

A
  • inflammation
  • redness
  • temperature
  • aching joints
  • severe pain (especially at night)
18
Q

What are the (10) symptoms of Giant Cell Arteritis?

A
  • Headaches (sudden or gradual mainly at the temples)
  • Tenderness of the scalp area over the temples
  • Blood vessels at the temples may look or feel prominent
  • Pain in the jaw or tongue when chewing or talking
  • Blurred or double vision or temporary sudden loss of vision
  • Fatigue
  • Depression
  • Night sweats
  • Fever
  • Loss of appetite and/or weights loss
19
Q

What is Giant Cell Arteritis?

A

where immune cells gather at the site of the attack and form giant cells damaging arterial walls and causing inflammation

20
Q

What are the (10) symptoms of Polymyalgia Rheumatic?

A
  • Inflammation of tissues around the joints
  • Stiffness, pain, and tenderness in the neck, shoulders, pelvis, and hip muscles.
  • Worse early in the morning but easing during the day
  • Difficulty getting out of bed, reaching and rising
  • Inflammation and swelling in other areas (i.e. tendons, hands, feet, and joints)
  • Fatigue
  • Depression
  • Night sweats
  • Fever
  • Loss of appetite and/or weight loss
21
Q

What are (8) common symptoms of the hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS)?

A
  • Focal and generalised joint pain, including dislocations
  • Muscle spasms, muscle weakness, ‘restless legs’
  • Fatigue, poor sleep, anxiety
  • Gastrointestinal disorders (e.g. IBS, reflux, disordered gut motility)
  • Fragile/stretchy skin, poor wound healing, hernias, easy bruising
  • Headaches, brain fog, poor memory, poor concentration
  • Palpitations
  • Bladder/pelvic floor problems
22
Q

What is Gout?

A
  • Urate crystals form in and around the joints and under the skin as small white pimples (tophil).
  • Inflammation can cause skin to peel
  • Skin is red and shiny
  • Mild fever, loss of appetite, tired
  • Kidney stones (occasionally)

Acute attacks develop in the night or early morning and reach their peak in a few hours
Untreated attacks can become more frequent and prolonged

23
Q

Giant Cell Arteritis

A

An autoimmune response where immune cells gather at the site of attack and form giant cells damaging arterial walls and causing inflammation
- Headaches
- Tenderness of scalp
- Prominent blood vessels on the temples
- Jaw or tongue pain when chewing or talking
- Blurred or double vision or temporary sudden loss of vision
- Fatigue
- Depression
- Night sweats
- Fever
- Loss of appetite and/or weight loss

24
Q

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

A

autoimmune disease involving inflammation of tissues around the joints
- Stiffness, pain and tenderness in the neck, shoulder, pelvis and hip muscles
- Worse early in morning, eases during the day
- Difficulty getting out of bed, reaching and rising
- Inflammation and swelling in other areas
- Fatigue
- Depression
- Night sweats
- Fever
- Loss of appetite and/or weight loss

25
Q
A

Physiotherapy (32 decks)

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