respiratory system

Question 1

definition of tidal volume

Answer 1

amount of air normally breathed in/out with each breath

Question 2

definition of minute ventilation

Answer 2

volume of air inspired/expired each minute

Question 3

definition of residual volume

Answer 3

volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration

Question 4

definition of expiratory reserve volume

Answer 4

amount of air that can be expired on top of the tidal volume

Question 5

definition of inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 5

amount of air that an be inspired on top of tidal volume

Question 6

definition of vital capacity

Answer 6

maximal volume of air that can be expired following maximal inspiration

Question 7

definition of total lung capacity

Answer 7

amount of air that can be held in the lungs following maximal inhalation

Question 8

typical resting value of tidal volume

Answer 8

500ml

Question 9

typical resting value of minute ventilation

Answer 9

6.0l/min

Question 10

typical resting value of residual volume

Answer 10

1,200ml

Question 11

typical resting value of expiratory reserve volume

Answer 11

1,200ml

Question 12

typical resting value of inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 12

3,100ml

Question 13

typical resting value of vital capacity

Answer 13

4,800ml

Question 14

typical resting volume of total lung capacity

Answer 14

6000ml

Question 15

what does the respiratory system consist of

Answer 15

number of structures which allow gases to be transferred between the body and the external environment

Question 16

when gasous exchange important

Answer 16

when large volumes of o2 are required by the muscles and the large volumes of co2 need to be removed from the body

Question 17

what is the order that air travels through the body

Answer 17

nasal cavity
oral cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli

Question 18

gas exchange at the alveoli

Answer 18

o2 moves from high concentrated the aveoli areas to an area of low pressure the blood

Question 19

gas exchange is efficient due to

Answer 19

large number of alveoli
large numbers capillaries
thin membrane between he alveoli and capillary

Question 20

gas exchange at the muscles

Answer 20

when exercising their is a high atreiovenous difference which increases the pressure gradient for gas diffusion

Question 21

definition of arteriovenous difference

Answer 21

the amount of o2 taken up from the blood by tissues, the higher the o2 taken the bigger the difference

Question 22

what happens to the diaphragm during inspiration

Answer 22

contacts and becomes flatter causing the lungs to be pulled downwards

Question 23

what happens to the external intercostal muscles during inspiration

Answer 23

contract causes the ribs to move up and out allowing the thoracic cavity to enlarge in volume

Question 24

what happens to air pressure during inspiration

Answer 24

larger lung volume decreases the lungs sir pressure below that of the atmospheric air causing air to enter the lungs from the atmosphere

Question 25

what happens to change in exercise during inspiration

Answer 25

sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis major lift the ribcage further upwards and outwards

Question 26

what happens to the diaphragm during expiration

Answer 26

relaxes moving upwards

Question 27

what happens to the external intercostal muscles during expiration

Answer 27

muscles relax causing ribs to move downwards and inwards reducing the thoracic cavity volume

Question 28

what happens to air pressure during expiration

Answer 28

lower lung volume increases the lungs air pressure above that of the atmospheric air causing air to be expelled from the lungs into the atmosphere

Question 29

what happens when change in exercise in expiration

Answer 29

internal intercostal and rectus andominus contract forcing the ribcage downwards and inwards

Question 30

what is gaseous exchange

Answer 30

where co2 diffuses from high concentration of blood to low concentration. oxygen also disassociates from haemoglobin though diffusion, a low concentration of oxygen in the working muscles means oxygen diffuses down the concertino gradient and into the muscles.

Question 31

what is breathing frequency

Answer 31

the number of berths per minute.

Question 32

what is partial pressure

Answer 32

is the individual pressure that a gas exerts in a mixture of gases

Question 33

explain the role of pressure gradients in ventilation

Answer 33

-air moved from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure -pressure gradients allow air from outside of the body to rush into repiratory tract during inspiration -diaphragm contracts which reduces the pressure inside the lung and thoratic cavity -the reduced pressure causes a pressure gradient allowing air to venter the lung -diaphragm relaxes increasing pressure inside the lung/thoracic cavity -the increased pressure inside the lung forces the air out -reduced barometric pressure reduces pressure gradient