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respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

definition of tidal volume

A

amount of air normally breathed in/out with each breath

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2
Q

definition of minute ventilation

A

volume of air inspired/expired each minute

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3
Q

definition of residual volume

A

volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration

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4
Q

definition of expiratory reserve volume

A

amount of air that can be expired on top of the tidal volume

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5
Q

definition of inspiratory reserve volume

A

amount of air that an be inspired on top of tidal volume

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6
Q

definition of vital capacity

A

maximal volume of air that can be expired following maximal inspiration

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7
Q

definition of total lung capacity

A

amount of air that can be held in the lungs following maximal inhalation

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8
Q

typical resting value of tidal volume

A

500ml

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9
Q

typical resting value of minute ventilation

A

6.0l/min

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10
Q

typical resting value of residual volume

A

1,200ml

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11
Q

typical resting value of expiratory reserve volume

A

1,200ml

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12
Q

typical resting value of inspiratory reserve volume

A

3,100ml

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13
Q

typical resting value of vital capacity

A

4,800ml

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14
Q

typical resting volume of total lung capacity

A

6000ml

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15
Q

what does the respiratory system consist of

A

number of structures which allow gases to be transferred between the body and the external environment

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16
Q

when gasous exchange important

A

when large volumes of o2 are required by the muscles and the large volumes of co2 need to be removed from the body

17
Q

what is the order that air travels through the body

A

nasal cavity
oral cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli

18
Q

gas exchange at the alveoli

A

o2 moves from high concentrated the aveoli areas to an area of low pressure the blood

19
Q

gas exchange is efficient due to

A

large number of alveoli
large numbers capillaries
thin membrane between he alveoli and capillary

20
Q

gas exchange at the muscles

A

when exercising their is a high atreiovenous difference which increases the pressure gradient for gas diffusion

21
Q

definition of arteriovenous difference

A

the amount of o2 taken up from the blood by tissues, the higher the o2 taken the bigger the difference

22
Q

what happens to the diaphragm during inspiration

A

contacts and becomes flatter causing the lungs to be pulled downwards

23
Q

what happens to the external intercostal muscles during inspiration

A

contract causes the ribs to move up and out allowing the thoracic cavity to enlarge in volume

24
Q

what happens to air pressure during inspiration

A

larger lung volume decreases the lungs sir pressure below that of the atmospheric air causing air to enter the lungs from the atmosphere

25
Q

what happens to change in exercise during inspiration

A

sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis major lift the ribcage further upwards and outwards

26
Q

what happens to the diaphragm during expiration

A

relaxes moving upwards

27
Q

what happens to the external intercostal muscles during expiration

A

muscles relax causing ribs to move downwards and inwards reducing the thoracic cavity volume

28
Q

what happens to air pressure during expiration

A

lower lung volume increases the lungs air pressure above that of the atmospheric air causing air to be expelled from the lungs into the atmosphere

29
Q

what happens when change in exercise in expiration

A

internal intercostal and rectus andominus contract forcing the ribcage downwards and inwards

30
Q

what is gaseous exchange

A

where co2 diffuses from high concentration of blood to low concentration.
oxygen also disassociates from haemoglobin though diffusion, a low concentration of oxygen in the working muscles means oxygen diffuses down the concertino gradient and into the muscles.

31
Q

what is breathing frequency

A

the number of berths per minute.

32
Q

what is partial pressure

A

is the individual pressure that a gas exerts in a mixture of gases

33
Q

explain the role of pressure gradients in ventilation

A

-air moved from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
-pressure gradients allow air from outside of the body to rush into repiratory tract during inspiration
-diaphragm contracts which reduces the pressure inside the lung and thoratic cavity
-the reduced pressure causes a pressure gradient allowing air to venter the lung
-diaphragm relaxes increasing pressure inside the lung/thoracic cavity
-the increased pressure inside the lung forces the air out
-reduced barometric pressure reduces pressure gradient

PE (52 decks)

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