learning theories

Question 1

what are the 3 different learning theories

Answer 1

classical conditioning
operant conditioning
thorndike

Question 2

what is the s-r bond

Answer 2

the connection between stimulus and the response is due to condidtioning

Question 3

what are the associative connectionist theories

Answer 3

classical and operant conditioning

Question 4

what is classical conditioning

Answer 4

it helps modify the stimulus
unconditioned stimulus+conditioned stimulus=conditioned response

Question 5

who came up with classical conditioning

Answer 5

pavlov

Question 6

what is operant conditioning

Answer 6

concerned with modifying behaviour or response

Question 7

who came up with operant conditioning

Answer 7

skinner

Question 8

how is operant conditioning used in sports

Answer 8

-based on trail and error, with correct response reinforced
-to learn from a demonstration that teaches how to perform the skill and then reinforced after the performer has done the skill successfully

Question 9

types of reinforcement

Answer 9

positive, negative, punishment

Question 10

what is positive reinforcement

Answer 10

occurs after a successful performance and consitits of reward or praise

Question 11

what is negative reinforcement

Answer 11

withdraws or not giving praise or reward after an unsuccessful performance
-or removing an unpleasant experience to encourage successful performance

Question 12

what is punishment

Answer 12

• breaking the incorrect bond
• giving an unpleasant experience when the performer performs badly

Question 13

what is internal positive reinforcement

Answer 13

-enhanced through the performers own feelings of pride and satisfaction
- this is a strong incentive or motive to continue and develop further

Question 14

what is external reinforcement

Answer 14

-occurs through the action of a person other than the performer
-such as coach

Question 15

factors that will affect the S-R bond

Answer 15

-how often reinforcement is used
-ratio of positive to negative reinforcement
-how soon after a response
-what type of reinforcement to use
-size and value of reinforcement

Question 16

how often reinforcement is used strengthens the S-R bond

Answer 16

• not often enough will not strengthen the bond
  -too often will cause confusion

Question 17

how does ratio of pos and neg effect the S-R bond

Answer 17

a coach should take care over the use of negative reinforcement

Question 18

how does the time after a response effect the s-r bond

Answer 18

straight after the response will reinforce the link between reinforcement and the correct response

Question 19

how does the type of reinforcement effect the s-r bond

Answer 19

-punishment should be used sparingly
-success acts as it own reinforcer
- positive feedback can act as a motivator

Question 20

what are thorndikes laws of learning

Answer 20

-law of exercise
-law of effect
-law pf readiness

Question 21

what is the law of effect

Answer 21

-reinforcement
-satisfying reinforcers increase the likelihood of a repines being repeated
-a trail and error process can produce this effect, since success reinforces a response

Question 22

what is law of exercise

Answer 22

repetition strengthens the s-r bond
-so practice is very important
-perfect practice makes perfect performance

Question 23

what is the law of readiness

Answer 23

• learning can only occur when the nervous system is sufficiently mature to allow the appropriate s-r bond
• should learn simple skills before attempting to learn more complex skills