historical and social context

Question 1

how do professionalism come about

Answer 1

occurred over the last 3 century
began with tradesman donating prizes
highly organised rural sports often sponsored by local publicans
led to an increase to gambling and spectators which then encouraged event organisers to seek further commercial development

Question 2

what is the definition of noble patronage

Answer 2

nobleman or monarch giving support financial aid or enocouragment to a person or group

Question 3

what are broken time payments

Answer 3

paid to take time off work

Question 4

what did the factory act of 1844 say

Answer 4

used to be a 6 day working week with church, gave working men half a day off to take opportunity in sport
-struggled to play high level clubs willing to make broken time oayement

Question 5

what happened to rugby

Answer 5

1980’s- many working. class men strutted playing rugby- there was a loss of earning was considerable.

Question 6

what did the RFU refuse

Answer 6

to do broken time payments
strong on concept of amateurism

Question 7

what happened in 1893 for rugby

Answer 7

clubs in north put it to the RFU that they should receive broken time payments

Question 8

what happened in 1895 for rugby

Answer 8

Northern clubs decided to break all links with the union and formed Northern football union with payments

Question 9

what happened in 1896/7 for rugby

Answer 9

held a challenge cup- final watched by 13/14000fans

Question 10

what happened in 199 for rugby

Answer 10

professionalism was agreed money coming from tv

Question 11

what happened in victorian sport 1830-1901

Answer 11

mass spectator sport begins to take off
Saturday was Turing point
heathers football club attracted large crowds

Question 12

what happened in Edwardian sport 1901-1918

Answer 12

expanded across all classes
male working class influence increased in football and rugby
women excluded
spectators to professionals increased

Question 13

what happened between the wars 1918-1940

Answer 13

commercialism expanded rapidly
sport as national culture
most sports still class orientated
football most popular spectator sport

Question 14

what happened between 1940- today

Answer 14

increase standard of living
amateur administrators reluctantly allowed commercial forces to enter the world of sport

Question 15

what were the developments in media

Answer 15

media is linked yo commercialisation and sport
masker up golden triangle all linked
media included, newspapers, radio, TV

Question 16

what happened to newspapers

Answer 16

increase in sports recordings
1822-introduced bells life and sporting life in 1865- produced short detailed sports and reports
1920- summarise events and appeal to mass raging audience- popular tabloids focused on football and rugby

Question 17

what happened to radio linked to sport

Answer 17

began in 1922 when BBC formed
sports commentary was not permitted until 1925
some NGB’s were fearful of the impact of radio

Question 18

what happened to TV linked to sport

Answer 18

first broadcast of football match on 16th sep 1937
world war 2 stopped development of TV
multi channeled systems gradually added in 60’s/70’s
TV can now be watched on various devices

Question 19

what is a 3pm blackout

Answer 19

prohibits the broadcast of football in the UK between 2:45pm to 5:15pm on Saturdays implemented in 1960s
some say the rules is outdated and unnecessary it encourages people to illegally stream

Question 20

what is the role of the media

Answer 20

give info- radio, tv give instant results, event description
education- inform, advise, analyse. issues through explanation
entertainment- giving experiences and pleasure
advertisement- selling or merchandising products

Question 21

what is the impact of the media

Answer 21

promote balanced, active healthy lifestyles
via he people it presents
media is selective over use of mess ages
not just sports arts being worshiped, but also give insight into the effort needed

Question 22

what was the 20th/21st century development in sport

Answer 22

influence of internationalism, offers the NGB’s enhanced prestige of their sports success and TV broadcasting provide huge financial incentives
high revenue persuade amateur governing bodies to defer payments to players undermine ammeter credentials

Question 23

influences of technology

Answer 23

advancement in technology have revolutionised how we communicate

Question 24

how has sports commentators affected sports

Answer 24

celebrities in their own right
desirable and analyse the action for viewers at home
their style of presentation usually reflects the culture of sport

Question 25

how has media and social values affect sport

Answer 25

media reinforces the different in high and low culture in sport gender inequalities promoting equality of opportunity cover of major events creates a sense of nationalism

Question 26

what is a franchise

Answer 26

the contractual right granted to any person or persons to own or operate a Ports team in separate location

Question 27

what are the pro's of franchises

Answer 27

similar level of financial playing field more realistic chance to win facilities are excellent

Question 28

what are the cons of franchises

Answer 28

cartel structure of leagues block new entrants charge excessive prices professional sport becomes about generating wealth

Question 29

what is the power shift

Answer 29

originally governing bodies were based in the principle of amateurism ,Amy remain decentralised and are supported by voluntary processes of organising and administrating sport role of NGB's today is to oversee and organise the sports existing and future direction have to adapt to commercial pressure

Question 30

what are the new rule changes

Answer 30

governing bodies have changes rules as a result of media pressure provide more excitement accept TV commercial break in play eneables sponsors to advertise their products time tables for events are often arranged to suit armchair viewers and sometimes controlled by the TV network

Question 31

what is self-governing

Answer 31

NGB's consider themselves able to self govern administer anti doping programmes and sanction ay eel less able to punish players due to their commercial interests

Question 32

what is the golden triangle

Answer 32

sponsorship, media, sport

Question 33

what has happened to sport stars as global stars

Answer 33

come and go mat stay in forever Muhammed Ali changed cultural attitudes as well as those in his own sport, his popularity and entertainment value remains untouched till Micheal Jordan some sports are only popular within some cultures few global stars but at home have huge fan bases

Question 34

definition of role models

Answer 34

a person whose behaviour, example/ success is emulated by others

Question 35

how are sports starts role models

Answer 35

may convey attributes about performance ahracter, and resilience professionals under pressure to conduct themselves properly