historical and social context Flashcards
how do professionalism come about
occurred over the last 3 century
began with tradesman donating prizes
highly organised rural sports often sponsored by local publicans
led to an increase to gambling and spectators which then encouraged event organisers to seek further commercial development
what is the definition of noble patronage
nobleman or monarch giving support financial aid or enocouragment to a person or group
what are broken time payments
paid to take time off work
what did the factory act of 1844 say
used to be a 6 day working week with church, gave working men half a day off to take opportunity in sport
-struggled to play high level clubs willing to make broken time oayement
what happened to rugby
1980’s- many working. class men strutted playing rugby- there was a loss of earning was considerable.
what did the RFU refuse
to do broken time payments
strong on concept of amateurism
what happened in 1893 for rugby
clubs in north put it to the RFU that they should receive broken time payments
what happened in 1895 for rugby
Northern clubs decided to break all links with the union and formed Northern football union with payments
what happened in 1896/7 for rugby
held a challenge cup- final watched by 13/14000fans
what happened in 199 for rugby
professionalism was agreed money coming from tv
what happened in victorian sport 1830-1901
mass spectator sport begins to take off
Saturday was Turing point
heathers football club attracted large crowds
what happened in Edwardian sport 1901-1918
expanded across all classes
male working class influence increased in football and rugby
women excluded
spectators to professionals increased
what happened between the wars 1918-1940
commercialism expanded rapidly
sport as national culture
most sports still class orientated
football most popular spectator sport
what happened between 1940- today
increase standard of living
amateur administrators reluctantly allowed commercial forces to enter the world of sport
what were the developments in media
media is linked yo commercialisation and sport
masker up golden triangle all linked
media included, newspapers, radio, TV
what happened to newspapers
increase in sports recordings
1822-introduced bells life and sporting life in 1865- produced short detailed sports and reports
1920- summarise events and appeal to mass raging audience- popular tabloids focused on football and rugby
what happened to radio linked to sport
began in 1922 when BBC formed
sports commentary was not permitted until 1925
some NGB’s were fearful of the impact of radio
what happened to TV linked to sport
first broadcast of football match on 16th sep 1937
world war 2 stopped development of TV
multi channeled systems gradually added in 60’s/70’s
TV can now be watched on various devices
what is a 3pm blackout
prohibits the broadcast of football in the UK between 2:45pm to 5:15pm on Saturdays implemented in 1960s
some say the rules is outdated and unnecessary it encourages people to illegally stream
what is the role of the media
give info- radio, tv give instant results, event description
education- inform, advise, analyse. issues through explanation
entertainment- giving experiences and pleasure
advertisement- selling or merchandising products
what is the impact of the media
promote balanced, active healthy lifestyles
via he people it presents
media is selective over use of mess ages
not just sports arts being worshiped, but also give insight into the effort needed
what was the 20th/21st century development in sport
influence of internationalism, offers the NGB’s enhanced prestige of their sports success and TV broadcasting provide huge financial incentives
high revenue persuade amateur governing bodies to defer payments to players undermine ammeter credentials
influences of technology
advancement in technology have revolutionised how we communicate
how has sports commentators affected sports
celebrities in their own right
desirable and analyse the action for viewers at home
their style of presentation usually reflects the culture of sport
how has media and social values affect sport
media reinforces the different in high and low culture in sport
gender inequalities
promoting equality of opportunity
cover of major events creates a sense of nationalism
what is a franchise
the contractual right granted to any person or persons to own or operate a Ports team in separate location
what are the pro’s of franchises
similar level of financial playing field
more realistic chance to win
facilities are excellent
what are the cons of franchises
cartel structure of leagues block new entrants
charge excessive prices
professional sport becomes about generating wealth
what is the power shift
originally governing bodies were based in the principle of amateurism
,Amy remain decentralised and are supported by voluntary processes of organising and administrating sport
role of NGB’s today is to oversee and organise the sports existing and future direction
have to adapt to commercial pressure
what are the new rule changes
governing bodies have changes rules as a result of media pressure
provide more excitement
accept TV commercial break in play
eneables sponsors to advertise their products time tables for events are often arranged to suit armchair viewers and sometimes controlled by the TV network
what is self-governing
NGB’s consider themselves able to self govern
administer anti doping programmes and sanction
ay eel less able to punish players due to their commercial interests
what is the golden triangle
sponsorship, media, sport
what has happened to sport stars as global stars
come and go
mat stay in forever
Muhammed Ali changed cultural attitudes as well as those in his own sport, his popularity and entertainment value remains untouched till Micheal Jordan
some sports are only popular within some cultures
few global stars but at home have huge fan bases
definition of role models
a person whose behaviour, example/ success is emulated by others
how are sports starts role models
may convey attributes about performance ahracter, and resilience
professionals under pressure to conduct themselves properly
