information processing Flashcards
what elements are in the simplest model of information processing
input
decision making
output
feedback
what happens in the input stage
info from environment received via the senses which the player use to decide on a response to the situation
what happens in the decision making stage
combination of recognition, perception and memory processes used to select and appropriate response to the demands of situation
what happens in the output stage
response the play makes
what happens in the feedback stage
occurs because the player perceives the outcome of their response and this becomes parts of input and decision making
what are the senses used for
collect info and aware of the surroundings
info passed to and from the brain by nervous system
what is the afferent system
transmit info to the CNS about events happening to the body
what is the efferent system
transmits info from the CNS to the muscles which are activated to perform skill
what is vision and hearing
light falls upon the retina st the back of the eye converted into electrical impulses and transmits to the brain
what is proprioception
how our body is oriented in space and the extent to which muscles contract this allows use to feel
what is touch
tactile sense allows use to feel pain
pressure and temp
what is equilibrium
tells us when body is balanced
what is kinaesthesis
informs the brain of movement or state of contraction of muscle tendons and joints
what is perception
stimulus identification, info recieved frim the enviroment
what are the three elemetns of perception
detection
comparison
recognition
what is the meaning of detection
awareness of something going on around them
what is the meaning of comparison
compare what is happening to past experiences
set plays rehearsed
what is the meaning of recognition
needs a response
what are the different sections of welfords model of information processing
display
perceptual mechanism
decision mechanism
effectors mechanism
intrinsic feedback
extrinsic feedback
what is the display stage in welfords model
range of actions and things that are happening in the surrounding environment of the performer
what is the perceptual mechanism in welfords model
part of the brain which perceives surrondings
wha is decision mechanism in welfords model
part of the brain that makes decisions
what is the effector mechanism in welfords model
part of the brain which carried out decisions and sends messages to the limbs- act out relevant skills
waht is intrinsic feebad in welfords model
via from proprioceptors inform brain about balance
what is extrinsic feedback in welfords model
vis result of the actions made
what are the stages of whitings model of information processing
input from display
receptor system
perceptual mechanism
translatory mechanism
effector mechanism
output
feedback data
what happens in the input from display stage in whitings model
info from environment
what happens in the receptor system in whintings model
sensory organs receive info
what happens in the perceptual mechanism stage in whitings model
part of brain that perceives the surrounding and make sense of them
what happens in translatory mechanism stage in whitings model
part of the brain that makes decisions and sort our relevant info
what happens in the effector mechanism stage of whitings model
carries out decisions and send messages around via CNS
what happens in the output stage of whitnigs model
effector mehcanism + muscular system wokring together
what happens in the feedback data stage in whitings model
info used during + after an action, enables to adjust according to new info
ways to improve information processing
input- educate performer about details of skill
chunking- more info can be held in the STM if info is lumped together
chaining- link info with old, multiple links form a chain
what is Atkinson and shiffrin’s multi-store memory model
proposed that there is three different stores of memory
what are the three stages of the Atkinson and shiffrin multi-store memory model
sensory memory (STSS)
short- term memory (STM)
long-term memory (LTM)
what is the sensory memory stage (STSS)
sensory memory, to shirt term sensory store, takes in the info that has been produced by the sensory receptors
what is the short term memory stage (STM)
info if attended to is encoded and moves into the short term memory, it it is not attended to the info is lost and I were selective attention is used
what s the long term memory stage (LTM)
if this info is attended to and rehearsed it moves to the long term memory, id its not attended to and rehearsed the info is lost
what capacity does the sensory memory have
very large
what duration does the sensory memory have
0.25- 0.5 seconds
what capacity does the short term memory have
5-9 items
what duraration does the short term memory have
15-30 seconds
what capacity does the long term memory have
unlimited
what duration does the long term memory have
unlimited
