nutrition Flashcards
effects of smoking on the vascular system
reduce blood pressure
reduce blood flow
increase risk of thrombosis
increase risk of stroke
decrease o2 uptake
passive smoking
plaque in blood vessels
effects of smoking on the respiratory system
out of breath
increased risk of lung cancer
reduced lung surface area for intake of oxygen
decrease o2 carrying capctity
effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system
bigger/stronger heart
increase stroke volume
reduce heart rate
increase haemoglobin levels
increase diameter of artery
increase strength of artery
effects of exercise on the respiratory system
muscles get fitter/ stronger
increase lung volume
improved blood flow
improved utilisation of aveloli
increased capilrisation
what is included in a balanced diet
low fat, high carbs intake
balance of minerals and vitamins
what is the energy balance equation
energy input= energy output
what is the negative energy balance equation
energy output bigger than energy input
what does negative energy balance lead to
weight loss
reduction in body fat
what is the postitive energy balance equation
energy input bigger energy output
what will a positive energy balance lead to
weight gain
increase in body fat
what is macronutrient
nurtirnet needed in large quantities
what is a micro nutrient
nutrient in small quantities
what does carb do
control glucose and provide energy
what does protein do
help body repair cells
what does fat do
absorb vitamin A,D,E
what does minerals do
help structures of the body
what do vitamins do
fight infection
what does fibre do
help digestive system
what are the two types of carbs
simple
complex
what are simple carbs
glucose/ sugar
what are complex carbs
glycogen
where are carbs stored
liver and muscles as glycogen
what happens when no more carbs can go into the liver
they get converted to fat
what is the primary function of carbs
continuous supply of energy to the cells and working muscles during high intensity exercise
what are fats
fatty acids and glycerol
where are fats stored
as triglycerides in adipose tissue
what are the two main types of fat
saturated and unsaturated
what are saturated fats
solid at room temp, dairy products
what are monounstaurated fats
liquid at room temp mostly oils
what are the function of fat
energy
insulation
protection
what’s are trans fat
biscuits, cakes bad fats
what are the two types of cholesterol
bad-LDL-low density lipoprotein
good- HDL- high density liaprotein
what do vitamins do
they form the components of enzymes, which help release energy
what does vitamin c do
production of collagen and trans port of fatty acids
what does vitamin d do
absorption of calcium and PC recovery
what does vitamin b12 do
promoted for energy- enhancing capabilities
what does b complex do
convert food into cellular energy
