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PE > muscle skeletal system > Flashcards

muscle skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the types of contractions

A

isotonic, isometric, concentric, eccentric

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2
Q

how can muscles contract

A

contract and shorten or contract and legthen

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3
Q

what is a isotonic muscle contraction

A

when the muscle changes length when contracted can be split into concentric and eccentric contraction

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4
Q

what is a isotonic concentric contraction

A

when the muscle shortens when contracting

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5
Q

an example of isotonic concentric contraction

A

biceps curl

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6
Q

what is isotonic eccentric contraction

A

the muscle lengthen when contracting

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7
Q

an example of isotonic eccentric contraction

A

lowering a dumbbell

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8
Q

what is an isometric contraction

A

the muscle does not undergo any change in length when it contracts, the muscle contracts to maintain stability of the position of the body

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9
Q

example of a isometric contraction

A

a handstand

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10
Q

what is the name given to the agonist muscle

A

prime mover

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11
Q

what is the agonist muscle

A

prime instigator of a joint movement, helps to care the movement of a joints related limb

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12
Q

what is the antagonistic muscle

A

this is the muscle that opposes the motion of the agonist muscle to ensure that the movement is performed

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13
Q

what is a fixator muscle

A

the muscle works to stabilise the origin of the agonist

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14
Q

what is a synergist muscle

A

muscle that stabilises the joint that is moving

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15
Q

what does fle 123 mean

A

1st class lever system has the fulcrum in the middle
2nd class lever system has the lever in the middle
3rd class lever system has the effort in the middle

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16
Q

what is the load

A

the weight that needs to be moved

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17
Q

what is the effort

A

the force needed to move the load which is a muscle

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18
Q

what is the fulcrum

A

is the location of the movement, the joint

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19
Q

what is the effort arm

A

the distance from the fulcrum to the effort

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20
Q

what is the load arm

A

the distance from the fulcrum to the load

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21
Q

what are the mechanical disadvantages of the 3rd class lever system

A

effort is larger than load, large loads cannot be moved but smaller loads can be moved greater speeds

22
Q

what is the mechanical advantages of the 2nd class lever system

A

load is close to fulcrum and effort is further away from the fulcrum meaning u can mover large loads

23
Q

what happens in the first stage of the stretch shorten cycle

A

eccentric stage-allows preload of the muscle, allowing it to store elastic energy

24
Q

what happen in the 2nd stage of the stretch shorten cycle

A

amortisation stage- between the eccentric and concentric stage, the shorter this stage the more powerful the movement

25
Q

what happens in the 3rd stage of the stretch shorten cycle

A

concentric stage- stored elastic energy helps produce a more powerful concentric contraction

26
Q

what are the different types of movement

A

flexion, extension
adduction, abduction
circummucation, rotation
plantar/dorsi flexion
pronation, supernantion
inversion, eversion
horizontal flexion and extension

27
Q

what is pronation

A

rotation of forearm, so palm of hand faces outwards

28
Q

what is supernantion

A

rotation of forearm, palm of hand faces upward

29
Q

where does inversion and eversion only take place

A

foot/ ankle

30
Q

what is inversion

A

turning sole of foot inwards

31
Q

what is eversion

A

turning sole of foot outwards

32
Q

what is horizontal flexion

A

movement of the arm in a horizontal plane towards the centre of the body

33
Q

what is horizontal extension

A

movement of the arm in a horizontal plane away from the centre of the body

34
Q

how many laws of motion is there

A

3

35
Q

what is the 1st law called

A

law of inertia

36
Q

what happens in the 1st law

A

an objects state of motion will not change unless acted upon by an external force

37
Q

what is the 2nd law called

A

law of acceleration

38
Q

what happens in the 2nd law

A

an object will accelerate in the same direction as the force exerted on it and the amount of acceleration is directly proportional to the force

39
Q

what is the 3rd law called

A

law of action and reaction

40
Q

what happens in the 3rd law

A

for every action their is a equal and opposite reaction

41
Q

what is force

A

it is a push or pull exerted onto an object

42
Q

what is the equation for force

A

force=acceleration x mass

43
Q

what is stability

A

the objects resistance to a changing position

44
Q

what can affect stability

A

area of support
centre of mass
position of the line of gravity
body mass

45
Q

how will area of support affect stability

A

the wider the base will increase it

46
Q

how will centre of mass affect stability

A

raising the centre of mass will reduce stability

47
Q

how will the position of line of gravity affect stability

A

a line of gravity which is close to the centre of mass will result in greater stability

48
Q

how will body mass affect stability

A

the greater mass of the body the greater the stability

49
Q

what is centre of mass

A

the point at which the total body mass in concentrated

50
Q

what is position line of gravity

A

the line through which gravity acts

PE (46 decks)

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