linear, angular motion Flashcards
what is linear motion
results from a direct force being applied to the centre of an objects mass. The objects centre of mass is moving in a straight line or a curved line.
what are examples of linear motion in sport
100m sprint, 400m running
what are the two measurements in linear motion
scalar, vector
what is a scalar
has a magnitude and not concerned with direction. (size, amount)
what are examples of scalars and how are they calculated
speed-m/s, distance divided by time
power- watts, work done divided by time taken
what is a vector
has magnitude and direction
what are examples of vector and how are they calculated
Weight
Velocity- size and direction, calculated by displacement divided by time.
what is displacement and what is it measured in
how far you have moved from where you have started, in a straight line and a given direction.
Newtons- e.g. 10Nnorth/south
what is speed
is the rate of change of distance, scalar quantity because it does not consider direction.
Speed=distance/time
what is velocity
is the rate of change of displacement.
Velocity=displacement/time
what is acceleration
when velocity increases
how is acceleration calculated
acceleration(m/s2)= final velocity(m/s)- initial velocity
what is deceleration
when velocity decreases over time or is a negative
what is angular motion
is movement around a fixed point or axis
when does angular motion occur
angular motion occur when a force is applied outside the center of mass
an off center force is referred to as an eccentric force
what are the axis of rotation
transverse plane=vertical axis
frontal plane= sagittal axis
sagittal plane= frontal axis
what is torque
is a rotational force, it causes an object to turn about its axis of rotation
what is angular velocity and how is it calculated
-the speed of rotation
-the angular displacement that is covered in a certain time
- angular velocity(rad s2)=angular displacement (rad)/ time taken (s)
is angular velocity a vector or a scalar quantity
vector and is makes reference to direction
what is angular displacement
distance that you have rotated
what is moment of inertia
is their resisitance of a body to angular motion
what is inertia
is a resistance to change in linear motion
what does high/ low moment of inertia result in
high moment= less rotation
low moment=more rotation
how is moment of inertia calculated
MOI (kgm2)=mass (kg) X distribution of mass from he axis (m2)
what things affect moment of inertia
-mass of object/body- the greater the mass the greater the resistance to change nd therefore the greater the moment of inertia.
-distribution of mass from the axis of rotation- the closer the mass of the axis of rotation, the easier it is to turn so the moment of inertia is low.
-angular velocity- he speed of your rotation
what is angular momentum
is the quantity of angular motion that an object/ body has
what does angular momentum involve
involves an object or body in motion around an axis, it depends upon the moment of inertia and angular velocity.
how is angular momentum calculated
angular momentum (kgm2 rad/s= MOI (kgm2) X angular velocity (rad/s)
what is conservation of angular momentum
angular momentum is conserved unless an external torque acts upon it
