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PE > injuries > Flashcards

injuries Flashcards

1
Q

what are chronic and overuse injuries

A
  • sustained over a long period of time as a result of overuse
  • start withhold symptoms that enable the performer to infnore the injury and training
    -pain during activity increases
    -mild swelling occurs after completing a porting activity
  • constant aching
    -chronic injuries
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2
Q

what are shin splints

A
  • type of soft tissue injury due to inflammation of the periosteum of the tibia
  • usually causes by repeated stress on the shin bone tibia
    -are common in people that so a lot of running
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3
Q

what is shin splints knows as

A

medial tibial stress syndrome

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4
Q

what is periosteum

A

layer of connective tissue that surround the bone

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5
Q

how can shin splints be treated

A

R.I.C.E
switch to low impact activities

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6
Q

what is tendinopathy

A

-refers to a disease of the tendon, including tenderness on palpitation and pain, often felt when exercising

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7
Q

what is tendonitis

A

refers to the swelling of a tendon resulting from excessive overuse and describes common elbow injuries experienced by tennis elbow and golfers elbow

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8
Q

what are injuries caused by tendinopathy

A

golfers and tennis elbow

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9
Q

what is tennis elbow

A

-overuse of the tendon on the outside of the elbow
- caused by lateral epicondylitis and pain is felt on the outside of the elbow

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10
Q

what is golfers elbow

A

-overuse of the tendons on the inside of the elbow
-retentivites flexing of the wrist, dripping or awning can cause irritation to the tendons creating pain and tenderness, when the medial epicondyle is subjected to pressure, and hand is flexed downwards at the wrist against a resistance

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11
Q

what do general tendonitis symptoms include

A

-pain affecting the inside or outside of the elbow
-weakness in the wrist
-tender local hot spot over the epicondyle

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12
Q

what is a stress fracture

A

a small crack in the bone resulting from overuse

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13
Q

what is the fatigue theory in stress fractures

A

states hat repeated protracted effort such as in running, the muscle becomes fatigued and are no longer able to support the skeleton during impact as the foot strikes the ground, load is transferred directly to the skeleton ethic causes a tiny crack in the bone to crack

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14
Q

what is overload their in stress fractures

A

based on that certain muscle groups contracting in a way that they cause the bones to which they are attached to bend
repeated contractions cause the strength of the bone to be exceeded and bone to crack

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15
Q

what is rehabilitation

A

is the process of restoring fully physical function after injury

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16
Q

what should rehabilitation programmes involve

A

individuals short-term and long-term goals in mind, should progress safely and effectively

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17
Q

what are traditional treatments in rehabilitation programmes

A

RICE procedure
rehabilitation exercises
anti-inflammatory medications

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18
Q

what does timescale and treatments options involved in rehabilitation schemes

A

depend on the
-age of athlete
- severity of injury
- fitness levels
-active daily lifestyles

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19
Q

what should someone do immediately after a acute injury

A

-cease activity
- injured area must be immobilised to prevent further injury
-POLICE procedure

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20
Q

what is the rice procedure

A
  • traditional procedures applied to soft tissue injuries, apply frozen object on the area for 20 mins, three time a day for the first 48 hours.
    -Rest- healing process will speed up
    -ice- applied to injured body part reduces internal bleeding and swelling
    -Compression- reduces swelling by6 supporting the soft tissues
    -Elevation- aids the drainage of any liquid caused by the injury, reducing swelling and inflammation to the injured area
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21
Q

what is the police procedure

A

-more recent procedure for injuries, main differenced is the inclusion of protection and optimal loading
-PROTECTION- includes the rest and protection for the injured area during the first few days -bear weight in the injury, these aids offer protection for the injured area
-OPTIMAL LOADING-whilst petting the injured body part can help to promote optimal healing of the injury
ICE- every 20 mins
COMPRESSION-
ELEVATION-

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22
Q

how long does it take for the healing of a ligament in a sprained ankle

A

can take between 2-8 weeks, depending on the severity of the injury

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23
Q

when can the rehabilitation scheme begin with a sprained ankle

A

when the athlete can tolerate pain of moving the ankle joint

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24
Q

what is an ACL injury

A

sustained in tram sports such as football, rugby
when it had been torn it is unable to heal and the balance information it carried its also lost

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25
Q

what does a reconstructed ACL involve

A

replacing ACL with a graft from a hamstring tendon
following surgery, rest and regular application of a cry cuff on the knee to provide iced water compression to help reduce swelling and pain
- within 24-48hours after operation it is encouraged to walk with an aid and a fully supported leg brace
- between 5-7 days after discharge the patient should be able to flex the knee 60-90 degrees at the first physio appointment
- for the next two weeks the aim is to regain ROM and start re-education by working through a series of exercises
- after two weeks the wound should be healed
-between 2-6 weeks, aim is to continue the balance activities and commence on light strength and endurance training
- 6-12 weeks, quads and hamstrings definition will be poor, raft fiaxation will be more secure allowing vigorous strength training to begin
-between 3-6 months, running and twisting movements are introduced building up to light sports
-by 6 months the goal is to have normal function

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26
Q

what is physiotherapy

A

participation in both injury prevention and treatment, aim during rehab is to restore original function to the affected area

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27
Q

what is ultrasound therapy

A
  • is a deep heating process that used acoustic sound waves to generate mechanical disruption of tissues.
  • gel is used on the surface of the skin to reduce friction and help the transmission of ultrasonic waves
    -treatment heas is the over the surface of the skin in the region of the injury, providing gentle massage as it transmits the energy Ito the tissues with no added strain to the injured area
  • although ultrasound therapy was a populate treamtoer used 10 years ago
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28
Q

what does ultrasound act as

A

-a pro inflammatory process to stimulate the presence of macrophages

29
Q

what are macrophages in ultra sound therapy

A

play an important anti-inflammatory role and can reduce immune reaction thought release of pro-inflammatrot cytokines

30
Q

what does ultrasound therapy increase

A

the extensibility of structures such as ligaments, tendons and fibrous scar tissue inside an outside of the join capsule

31
Q

when is ultrasound therapy beneficial

A

following acute stage of injury and should be discontinued when pro-inflammatory agents are no longer needed

32
Q

what is a sports massage

A

a collection of massage techniques performed on athletes or active individuals for the purpose of raising recovery from exercise sessions of rehab from injury
- assist soft tissue mobilisation muscle function and reduce localised pain
- passively moved to full range

33
Q

what is electro stimulation

A
  • also known as electrical stimulation
  • electrodes are placed on the muscle forums such as abdominals, hamstrings, calf muscles, plantar arch , muscles and lower back muscles
    -electrical current is produced which is sent to nerve fibre causing mechanical repose in the muscle
34
Q

what is electro stimulation used for

A

-used for injury prevention, toning, pain relief, muscular recovery and physical preparation

35
Q

what are electro stimulation benefits

A

-stimulate muscles to contract
-stimulate nerves to decrease pain by stimulation larger nerve fibres
- increase blood flow
-reduce inflammation
-stimualte cells to reproduce
-assit removal lattice acid
- can be used in early process

36
Q

what are different exercise programmes to strengthen weekended muscle/ joints

A

flexibility, strength, co-ordination in prescribed portions

37
Q

what is strength training

A

-core stability exercises
-as soon as the athlete can tolerate increased loading then they can start move traditional strength exercises such as squats
-strengthening that quads and hamstrings groups will directly increase the stability of the knee joint
- reduces occurrence of hamstring injuries

38
Q

what are the benefits of strength training

A

anatomical adaptations
muscular hypertrophy

39
Q

what is elastic band training and tubing

A

unique type of resistance training that can be sagely used in injury rehabilitation

40
Q

what dos Theraband elastic resistance training increase

A

-strength
-mobility
-muscle function
-reduce joint pain

41
Q

what is rest and active rest

A
  • give stressed body parts time to recover prior to the next part of rehab programme
42
Q

what is active rest

A

low level exercise are undertaken to improve blood flow through the affected areas without physical stress, promote healing via blood carried nutrients and oxygen

43
Q

how does compression clothing help injuries

A

-by squeeing a muscle, venous return is enhanced which may reduce the potential for blood pooling
can reduce post- exercise symptoms such as light headness
-increase in cardiac output, resulting in increased transportation of oxygenated blood recovering tissues
-reduce DOMS

44
Q

how does compression clothing enhance sports performance

A
  • reduce muscle oscillation
  • increasing proprioception
    -improving body aerodynamics
45
Q

what are climate chamber

A

environmental chamber replicate different limited ar the press of a button with precise and harmonious control of altitude, temp, humidity

46
Q

what are the two different climate chambers

A

hyperbaric chambers
hyperbaric chambers

47
Q

what is a hyperbaric chamber

A

a chamber that provides a controlled climate in which sporting injuries can be treated
- the healing is promoted by increasing the oxygen partial pressure surrounding the affected areas

48
Q

what are the different ways to promote hyperbaric chambers

A
  • oxygen tents
    -sleeping in a greater than normal oxygen in breathed air
    -hyperbaric chambers in which the athlete will open periods of Tim in sone where the air is pressure above normal
49
Q

what ish hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT)

A

treatment which enhances the body natural healing process by inhalation of 100% oxygen in a total body chamber, where atmospheric pressure is increased and controlled
-HBOT- served to provide a means of therapy to facilitate a speedier resumptions to pre-injury activity levels as well as improve short term and long term prognosis of the injury
-treatment can commence as soon as the injured author has recovered from the initial treatment phase

50
Q

benefits of hyperbaric oxygen therapy

A

-delivers 25% more than normal levels of oxygen
-decreases swelling, pain, inflammation
- decreases ligament and tissue healing time
- aids the repair of stress fractures and breaks
-speeds up recovery

51
Q

what are hypobaric chambers

A

low oxygen environments that contain a reduced amount of oxygen in the air compared to sea level atmospheric pressure

52
Q

what happens in a hypobaraic chamber

A

hypoxic stimulation occurs in cells and tissues, that are win hypoxic state and so is responsible for a number of adaptive responses that enable the body to make a better use of the limited oxygen available.

53
Q

what is the main adaptive response hypobaric chambers

A

increase the manufacture of red blood cell
increases myoglobin
increase mitochondria
oxidative enzyme levels

54
Q

when can hypobaric session happen

A

can begin as soon as the injured athletes has recovered from the sedentary phase of treatment to the active phase

55
Q

what is the sauna and steam room

A

depending on the heat and humidity, care temperature starts to increase within 5-15minutes.

56
Q

what happens when heat rises in saunas

A

-casues stress in the body
- by re-routing blood flow toincrease blood vessel dilation and secreting a number of hormones, including growth hormone
- stimulate heat shock proteins
-reduce oxidation rates

57
Q

what is cryotherapy

A

treatment by means of application of cold temperature’s, and can be used as soon as the wound is healed

58
Q

what does cryotherapy do for the injury

A

decreases skin, subcutaneous and muscle temperature, causing narrowing of the blood vessels.
goal is to reduce cellular metabolism decreases inflammation pain and muscle spasm

59
Q

what is whole body cryotherapy

A

invovles exposing individuals to extremely cold dry air, for two to four miutes in a cryogenic chamber.

60
Q

what does whole body cryotherapy do

A
  • diverts blood flow to the body central core
    -on leaving the chamber blood flow returns to the arms and legs reinstating normal oxygen levels and aiding the healing process
  • it relives muscle soreness and inflammation following high intensity training and reduces muscle metabolism
61
Q

what are other methods of whole body cryotherapy

A

ice baths, cool packs, helps reduce inflammation, pain, swelling, flush waste products, reduce DOM’S

62
Q

what affects could whole body cryotherapy have

A

ice burn
cold shock response
hyperthermia
nerve damage

63
Q

what is hot and cold contrast theory

A

alternating the use of hot and cold application to an injured muscle or body part for therapeutic effect

64
Q

what does hot and cold contrast therapy do

A
  • increase blood flow, cold will stop blood flow
    -alternating between will help flush blood through the body part
65
Q

what is hydrotherapy

A

therapeutic whole- body treatment that involved moving and exercising in warm water pool, the temp, pressure and movement f the water are controlled and changed according to whos using the pool.

66
Q

what is a type of hydrotherapy

A

aqua jogging

67
Q

what is aqua jogging

A

low impact on muscles and the use of waster as resistance as an effective way of applying force to the lower limbs

68
Q

what are benefits of aqua jogging

A

avoids muscle soreness
stress fractures
aching joints
enables an injured athlete to maintain fitness
alternative to running on hard surfaces

69
Q

what are ways to prevent injuries from happening

A

conditioning
sanctions
protective clothing/equipment
muscle balance
managing risks

PE (54 decks)

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