cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the equation of cardiac output

A

heart rate x stroke volume

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2
Q

what is the definition of cardiac output

A

volume of blood ejected by the heart per minute

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3
Q

what is the definition of heart rate

A

number of times the heart beats per minute

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4
Q

what is the definition of stroke volume

A

volume of blood ejected from the heart per beat

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5
Q

how is heart rate reserve calculated

A

maximum hr- resting hr

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6
Q

how is recovery heart rate calculated

A

heart rate two mins after exercise - heart rate immediately after exercise

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7
Q

what is bradycardia

A

someone having a resting heart rate under 60bpm

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8
Q

how is maximum hr calculated

A

220-age

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9
Q

how can resting hr be measured

A

counting the number of times the heart beats in one min while at rest or when exercising

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10
Q

oxygen in transported with the body in association with

A

haemoglobin
myoglobin

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11
Q

what is haemoglobin

A

oxygen carrying component of red blood cells

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12
Q

what is myoglobin

A

the oxygen carrying component of the muscle tissue

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13
Q

what is the Bohr shift on a graph

A

the line shifiting to the right as the conditions within the blood become more acidic during higher intensity exercise

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14
Q

factors influencing the Bohr shift

A

increase in co2
decrease in ph
increase in temperature

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15
Q

what is cardiovascular drift

A

the increase in heart rate which occurs despite no change in the intensity of exercise

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16
Q

what is ateriovenous oxygen difference
(A-VO2 diff)

A

the difference in oxygen concentration between the arteries and veins

17
Q

how can high intensity exercise result in higher A-VO2

A

more o2 is taken out of the arterioles to fuel muscular contractions

18
Q

how can exercise impact health

A

lower blood pressure
lower risk of cohort heart disease
lower risk of stroke
increase blood vessel width

19
Q

how can exercise impact fitness

A

increase gaseous exchange
increase lung volume
increase o2
increase stroke volume
increase cardiac output