Pulmonary System Anatomy 1 Flashcards
What are the 4 sinuses?
Sphenoid
Frontal
Maxillary
Ethmoid
What sinus drains into the nasal cavity?
Maxillary sinus
Which meatus contains openings of maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses?
Middle meatus. So do the frontal and ethmoid sinuses (but not the sphenoid sinus).
What makes up the lateral walls of the nose?
The conchae
Which conch is a separate bone and contains erectile tissue?
Inferior concha
What arteries supply the nose?
Ant. & post. ethmoidal from the opthalmic artery
Sphenopalatine and greater palatine from the maxillary artery
What is the hayfever ganglion?
Pterygopalatine ganglion mandibular division of CN V
The larynx can be found between which vertebrae?
Between the levels of C3-C6
The trachea can be found between which vertebrae?
Between the levels of C6-T4
The thyroid cartilage attaches to which cartilage?
Cricoid
What is the working cartilage of the larynx?
Arytenoid
What cartilage sits atop the arytenoid cartilage?
Corniculate cartilage
What is the space between the vocal cords called?
Rima glottidis or glottis
What is in the anterior mediastinum?
Thymus gland
What is in the middle mediastinum?
Heart
pericardium
What is in the posterior mediastinum?
Esophagus
Descending aorta
Azygos veins Thoracic duct
Sympathetic trunk
What is in the superior mediastinum?
Aortic arch
Brachiocephalic veins
Phrenic nerve
Vagus nerve
What are the three layers of the trachea?
Mucosa, submucosa, and adventitia
At what level of the vertebral column does bifurcation of the trachea occur?
T4
Foreign objects are more likely to get caught in which lung?
The right lung, because the right pulmonary bronchi is wider, shorter and more vertical than the left
What are the subdivision of the bronchial tree?
Trachea –> principle bronchus –> lobar bronchus –> segmental bronchus –> terminal bronchiole –> respiratory bronchiole –> alveolar duct –> alveolar sac –> alveolus
What cells are found within the bronchiolar epithelium?
Clara cells
What cells make up the alveolar epithelium?
Type I alveolar cells
Type II alveolar cells
Alveolar macrophages
What adheres lung to thoracic cage, diaphragm and pericardium?
Parietal pleura
What is the thin layer over the lung called?
Visceral pleura
What is it called when you get a loss of vacuum between the visceral and parietal pleura?
Pneumothorax
What carries blood from aorta to lung tissue?
Bronchial artery
What carries blood from lung tissue to azygos veins?
Bronchial vein
What carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to alveoli?
Pulmonary artery
What carries oxygenated blood from alveoli to left atrium?
Pulmonary vein
What is the location of passage of bronchi, blood vessels and nerves?
The hilum of the lung
Which lung has a horizontal fissure?
Right
The cardiac notch is found in which lung?
Left
What is the projection of the upper lobe of the left lung called?
Lingula
What nerve innervates the lungs?
CN X (Vagus nerve)
True or false: The pulmonary plexus is filled with autonomic nerve fibers that innervate the lungs?
True, the pulmonary plexus is composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers that control the lungs.
What constricts bronchioles?
Parasympathetics
What dilates bronchioles?
Sympathetics
