Integumentary System Physiology 1 - Cellular Physiology Flashcards
What are the 3 types of epithelium?
Simple
Pseudostratified
Stratified
What are the 3 shapes of epithelial cells?
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar
Which organelle regulates and initiates all cellular activity?
Nucleus
Which organelle is the site of synthesis of ribosomal rna?
Nucleolus
Which organelle is the site of energy production?
Mitochondrion
Which organelle is the storage area for calcium?
Mitochondrion
Which ER had ribosomes?
Rough ER
In which organelle does protein synthesis take place?
Rough ER
In which organelle does CHO, steroid and fat synthesis take place?
Smooth ER
Protein containing vesicles leave the rough ER destined for which organelle?
The Golgi apparatus
Which organelle modifies proteins by adding CHO to make glycoproteins?
Golgi apparatus
What is the machinery of intracellular digestion of cellular debris called?
Lysosomes
What are the names of particles that contain the machinery for translation of genetic code into protein?
Ribosomes
Where do peroxisomes orginate?
From the smooth ER
What role do Glycolipids play in the cell membrane?
They are responsible for intercellular communications (usually comprised of sphingolipids.)
What structures help distribute cell organelles, transport macromolecules within the cell and help shape the cell during differentiation?
Microtubules
What is the name for microfilaments in muscle?
Myofilaments
What organelle has a high concentration of oxidative enzymes?
Peroxisomes
What structure gives membrane its integrity?
Phospholipids
What are the three most common phospholipids in the cell’s membrane?
Phosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylserine, and Phosphatidylethanolamine
What does an increase in cholesterol do to the membrane?
It decreases the fluidity of the membrane making it hard and less permeable
Active transport requires what?
ATP
Facilitated transport requires what?
Specific membrane transport protein
How does a substance move in passive transport?
Via simple diffusion down its concentration gradient
Transportation in and out of a cell is termed what?
Endocytosis and exocytosis
What are the 3 types of endocytosis?
Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor mediated endocytosis
How does water move in osmosis?
Water moves form an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
How do RBCs react to an isotonic solution?
No change in size
How do RBCs react to a hypertonic solution?
They shrink. In hypertonic solution, the water in the RBC leaves the RBC to dilute the solution with more solutes (to achieve solute balance). Consequently, the RBC shrinks in size.
How do RBCs react to a hypotonic solution?
They swell. In hypotonic solution, water leaves the solution to dilute the relatively greater amount of solutes within the RBC (to achieve solute balance). Consequently, the RBC swells in size.
Large particles moving into a cell by invagination of the cell membrane is a process of what?
Phagocytosis. Versus pinocytosis is of smaller particles.
List 4 support cells?
Fibroblasts, Chondrocyte, Osteoblast, Myofibroblast, Adipocyte
True or False: Myofibroblasts help with retraction of fibrocollagenous scars?
True, they activate during the repair phase of tissue damage. They produce collagen and contract in order to reduce the physical size of the wound
What are 7 epithelial cell junctions?
Occluding or Tight junction
Anchoring junction
Adherent junction
Desmosomes
Hemidesmosome
Junctional complex
Gap or Communication Junctions
What makes up the extracellular matrix and what produces it?
Support cells produce the extracellular matrix which is mainly composed of fibrillar proteins and glycosaminoglycans
What are the 2 types of adipocytes?
Unilocular (e.g. white fat) and multilocular (e.g. brown fat)
Which adipocyte is more prominent in infants?
Multilocular, which contain numerous mitochondria and lipid vacuoles which allow for greater heat generation through fat breakdown
