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Part 1 > Integumentary System Physiology 1 - Cellular Physiology > Flashcards

Integumentary System Physiology 1 - Cellular Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of epithelium?

A

Simple

Pseudostratified

Stratified

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2
Q

What are the 3 shapes of epithelial cells?

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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3
Q

Which organelle regulates and initiates all cellular activity?

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

Which organelle is the site of synthesis of ribosomal rna?

A

Nucleolus

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5
Q

Which organelle is the site of energy production?

A

Mitochondrion

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6
Q

Which organelle is the storage area for calcium?

A

Mitochondrion

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7
Q

Which ER had ribosomes?

A

Rough ER

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8
Q

In which organelle does protein synthesis take place?

A

Rough ER

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9
Q

In which organelle does CHO, steroid and fat synthesis take place?

A

Smooth ER

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10
Q

Protein containing vesicles leave the rough ER destined for which organelle?

A

The Golgi apparatus

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11
Q

Which organelle modifies proteins by adding CHO to make glycoproteins?

A

Golgi apparatus

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12
Q

What is the machinery of intracellular digestion of cellular debris called?

A

Lysosomes

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13
Q

What are the names of particles that contain the machinery for translation of genetic code into protein?

A

Ribosomes

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14
Q

Where do peroxisomes orginate?

A

From the smooth ER

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15
Q

What role do Glycolipids play in the cell membrane?

A

They are responsible for intercellular communications (usually comprised of sphingolipids.)

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16
Q

What structures help distribute cell organelles, transport macromolecules within the cell and help shape the cell during differentiation?

A

Microtubules

17
Q

What is the name for microfilaments in muscle?

A

Myofilaments

18
Q

What organelle has a high concentration of oxidative enzymes?

A

Peroxisomes

19
Q

What structure gives membrane its integrity?

A

Phospholipids

20
Q

What are the three most common phospholipids in the cell’s membrane?

A

Phosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylserine, and Phosphatidylethanolamine

21
Q

What does an increase in cholesterol do to the membrane?

A

It decreases the fluidity of the membrane making it hard and less permeable

22
Q

Active transport requires what?

A

ATP

23
Q

Facilitated transport requires what?

A

Specific membrane transport protein

24
Q

How does a substance move in passive transport?

A

Via simple diffusion down its concentration gradient

25
Q

Transportation in and out of a cell is termed what?

A

Endocytosis and exocytosis

26
Q

What are the 3 types of endocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor mediated endocytosis

27
Q

How does water move in osmosis?

A

Water moves form an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

28
Q

How do RBCs react to an isotonic solution?

A

No change in size

29
Q

How do RBCs react to a hypertonic solution?

A

They shrink. In hypertonic solution, the water in the RBC leaves the RBC to dilute the solution with more solutes (to achieve solute balance). Consequently, the RBC shrinks in size.

30
Q

How do RBCs react to a hypotonic solution?

A

They swell. In hypotonic solution, water leaves the solution to dilute the relatively greater amount of solutes within the RBC (to achieve solute balance). Consequently, the RBC swells in size.

31
Q

Large particles moving into a cell by invagination of the cell membrane is a process of what?

A

Phagocytosis. Versus pinocytosis is of smaller particles.

32
Q

List 4 support cells?

A

Fibroblasts, Chondrocyte, Osteoblast, Myofibroblast, Adipocyte

33
Q

True or False: Myofibroblasts help with retraction of fibrocollagenous scars?

A

True, they activate during the repair phase of tissue damage. They produce collagen and contract in order to reduce the physical size of the wound

34
Q

What are 7 epithelial cell junctions?

A

Occluding or Tight junction

Anchoring junction

Adherent junction

Desmosomes

Hemidesmosome

Junctional complex

Gap or Communication Junctions

35
Q

What makes up the extracellular matrix and what produces it?

A

Support cells produce the extracellular matrix which is mainly composed of fibrillar proteins and glycosaminoglycans

36
Q

What are the 2 types of adipocytes?

A

Unilocular (e.g. white fat) and multilocular (e.g. brown fat)

37
Q

Which adipocyte is more prominent in infants?

A

Multilocular, which contain numerous mitochondria and lipid vacuoles which allow for greater heat generation through fat breakdown

Part 1 (73 decks)

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