Integumentary System Pathology 1 - Dermatology & ophthalmology Flashcards
What are the two major organisms that cause impetigo?
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A, beta-hemolytic)
What type of toxin is responsible for the scalded skin syndrome of Staphylococcus aureus infection?
Exfoliatin
What organism is associated with hot tubs and can cause folliculitis?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What causes gas gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens
What organism causes most boils, carbuncles, and impetigo?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is the medical name for ringworm?
Tinea corporis
What are the different types of Tinea?
Tinea cruris (groin)
Tinea pedis (feet)
Tinea corporis (face, trunk, limbs)
Tinea capitis (scalp)
Tinea barbae (beard)
Tinea manuum (hands)
How are herpes simplex viruses (hsv) mainly transmitted?
Salivary or vesicle fluid contact, can be infected by asymptomatic shedding
What can cause a relapse of hsv?
Stress, hormonal fluctuations, environmental changes, illness, dietary factors
What are common locations for hsv-1 outbreaks?
Face, lips
Is the initial lesion of herpes painful or painless?
Painful
What are the most common tests for diagnosing hsv infection?
Cell culture, elisa or pcr testing
Downey cells or atypical lymphocytes are seen in infection with what virus?
EBV
What is the virus that causes chickenpox (varicella)?
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
Painful vesicles that emerge along a dermatome are associated with what disease?
Shingles (herpes zoster)
What is the incubation period for chicken-pox?
14-21 days
What type of rash is associated with chicken-pox?
Pruritic (itchy), papulovesicular rash
Warts on the feet are called what?
Plantar warts
What is urticaria?
Flattened, fluid-filled, pruritic vesicles appearing in response to a type I hypersensitivity reaction
How do all eczemas generally present?
Redness, unclear margins, scaling, pruritis, and lichenification
Atopic dermatitis is frequently associated with what conditions?
Asthma and hay fever
Seborrheic dermatitis is generally associated with what type of inflammatory reaction?
Inflammatory response to Pityrosporum yeasts and their breakdown products
What causes contact dermatitis?
Acute exposure to an antigenic substance
What is erythema multiforme?
Sudden inflammatory reaction causing symmetric erythematous, edematous, or bullous lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, possibly due to drugs or infectious agents
Where does psoriasis most commonly occur?
Extensor surfaces of elbows and knees
What are the four Ps of licen planus?
Pruritic
Polygonal-shaped
Pink papules
Purple papules
What are the two types of pemphigous?
(1) Pemphigus vulgaris: most severe form, with intraepidermal bullae that begin in the mouth and spread
(2) Bullous pemphigoid: less severe form, with itchy bullae
What are seborrheic keratoses?
Benign neoplasm affected older individuals that have a pasted on appearance
What is the underlying infection in verrucae (warts)?
Infection with human papilloma virus (hpv)
Actinic keratoses have a propensity to develop into what skin condition?
Squamous cell carcinoma
How does basal cell carcinoma present?
As a pearly papule on sun-exposed skin
If a nevi (mole) is changing shape or becoming irregular or ill defined, what might be necessary?
Biopsy to assess for melanoma
What occurs during the development of melanoma?
(1) Initial growth is radial and without metastasis, so is most easily cured in this stage
(2) Subsequent growth is vertical through the tissues and metastasis more common, with a worse prognosis
An infection in the tarsal glands resulting in a cyst is called what?
Chalazion
Glaucoma is caused by what?
A blockage of the canal of Schlemm resulting in a build-up of aqueous humor and thus the intraocular pressure
What is the medical term for being nearsighted?
Myopia, which is due to a long eyeball
Vitamin A deficiency can lead to what?
Rod degeneration which causes night blindness
Congenital weakness of external eye muscle can cause what?
Strabismus
What ocular pathology is associated with auto-immune conditions?
Uveitis
What are the keynotes of hypertensive retinopathy?
(1) Narrowing and irregularity of retinal arteries
(2) Arteriovenous nicking
(3) Blot retinal hemorrhages
(4) Microaneurysms
(5) Cotton-wool spots
What are the key features of diabetic retinopathy?
(1) Microaneurysms
(2) Retinal hemorrhages
(3) Retinal lipid exudates
(4) Cotton-wool spots
(5) Capillary nonperfusion
(6) Macular edema
(7) Neovascularization
