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Part 1 > Integumentary System Pathology 1 - Dermatology & ophthalmology > Flashcards

Integumentary System Pathology 1 - Dermatology & ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two major organisms that cause impetigo?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A, beta-hemolytic)

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2
Q

What type of toxin is responsible for the scalded skin syndrome of Staphylococcus aureus infection?

A

Exfoliatin

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3
Q

What organism is associated with hot tubs and can cause folliculitis?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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4
Q

What causes gas gangrene?

A

Clostridium perfringens

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5
Q

What organism causes most boils, carbuncles, and impetigo?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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6
Q

What is the medical name for ringworm?

A

Tinea corporis

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7
Q

What are the different types of Tinea?

A

Tinea cruris (groin)

Tinea pedis (feet)

Tinea corporis (face, trunk, limbs)

Tinea capitis (scalp)

Tinea barbae (beard)

Tinea manuum (hands)

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8
Q

How are herpes simplex viruses (hsv) mainly transmitted?

A

Salivary or vesicle fluid contact, can be infected by asymptomatic shedding

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9
Q

What can cause a relapse of hsv?

A

Stress, hormonal fluctuations, environmental changes, illness, dietary factors

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10
Q

What are common locations for hsv-1 outbreaks?

A

Face, lips

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11
Q

Is the initial lesion of herpes painful or painless?

A

Painful

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12
Q

What are the most common tests for diagnosing hsv infection?

A

Cell culture, elisa or pcr testing

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13
Q

Downey cells or atypical lymphocytes are seen in infection with what virus?

A

EBV

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14
Q

What is the virus that causes chickenpox (varicella)?

A

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

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15
Q

Painful vesicles that emerge along a dermatome are associated with what disease?

A

Shingles (herpes zoster)

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16
Q

What is the incubation period for chicken-pox?

A

14-21 days

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17
Q

What type of rash is associated with chicken-pox?

A

Pruritic (itchy), papulovesicular rash

18
Q

Warts on the feet are called what?

A

Plantar warts

19
Q

What is urticaria?

A

Flattened, fluid-filled, pruritic vesicles appearing in response to a type I hypersensitivity reaction

20
Q

How do all eczemas generally present?

A

Redness, unclear margins, scaling, pruritis, and lichenification

21
Q

Atopic dermatitis is frequently associated with what conditions?

A

Asthma and hay fever

22
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis is generally associated with what type of inflammatory reaction?

A

Inflammatory response to Pityrosporum yeasts and their breakdown products

23
Q

What causes contact dermatitis?

A

Acute exposure to an antigenic substance

24
Q

What is erythema multiforme?

A

Sudden inflammatory reaction causing symmetric erythematous, edematous, or bullous lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, possibly due to drugs or infectious agents

25
Q

Where does psoriasis most commonly occur?

A

Extensor surfaces of elbows and knees

26
Q

What are the four Ps of licen planus?

A

Pruritic

Polygonal-shaped

Pink papules

Purple papules

27
Q

What are the two types of pemphigous?

A

(1) Pemphigus vulgaris: most severe form, with intraepidermal bullae that begin in the mouth and spread

(2) Bullous pemphigoid: less severe form, with itchy bullae

28
Q

What are seborrheic keratoses?

A

Benign neoplasm affected older individuals that have a pasted on appearance

29
Q

What is the underlying infection in verrucae (warts)?

A

Infection with human papilloma virus (hpv)

30
Q

Actinic keratoses have a propensity to develop into what skin condition?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

31
Q

How does basal cell carcinoma present?

A

As a pearly papule on sun-exposed skin

32
Q

If a nevi (mole) is changing shape or becoming irregular or ill defined, what might be necessary?

A

Biopsy to assess for melanoma

33
Q

What occurs during the development of melanoma?

A

(1) Initial growth is radial and without metastasis, so is most easily cured in this stage

(2) Subsequent growth is vertical through the tissues and metastasis more common, with a worse prognosis

34
Q

An infection in the tarsal glands resulting in a cyst is called what?

A

Chalazion

35
Q

Glaucoma is caused by what?

A

A blockage of the canal of Schlemm resulting in a build-up of aqueous humor and thus the intraocular pressure

36
Q

What is the medical term for being nearsighted?

A

Myopia, which is due to a long eyeball

37
Q

Vitamin A deficiency can lead to what?

A

Rod degeneration which causes night blindness

38
Q

Congenital weakness of external eye muscle can cause what?

A

Strabismus

39
Q

What ocular pathology is associated with auto-immune conditions?

A

Uveitis

40
Q

What are the keynotes of hypertensive retinopathy?

A

(1) Narrowing and irregularity of retinal arteries

(2) Arteriovenous nicking

(3) Blot retinal hemorrhages

(4) Microaneurysms

(5) Cotton-wool spots

41
Q

What are the key features of diabetic retinopathy?

A

(1) Microaneurysms

(2) Retinal hemorrhages

(3) Retinal lipid exudates

(4) Cotton-wool spots

(5) Capillary nonperfusion

(6) Macular edema

(7) Neovascularization

Part 1 (73 decks)

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