Immunological System Pathology 1 - Immune Reactions Flashcards
The role of B lymphocytes is categorized as what kind of immunity?
Humoral
What is produced with humoral immunity?
Antibodies
The role of T lymphocyte is categorized as what kind of immunity?
Cell-mediated
What type of chemical activates components of the immune system ie. activates macrophages, PMNs etc.?
Lymphokines
Which white blood cell is the most numerous in the blood stream?
Neutrophil
What is the function of basophils?
They function in the inflammation response by releasing histamine and other chemicals that act on the blood vessels
Basophils become what in peripheral tissue?
Mast cells
What is the function of neutrophils?
They recognize foreign antigens and destroy them through phagocytosis
What is the function of eosinophils?
They release IgE and destroy parasitic organisms
Once maturing, where do eosinophils migrate to from bone marrow?
After 3-8 hours in the blood stream, they migrate to the skin, lungs, and GI tract
What is the function of monocytes/macrophages?
They engulf foreign antigens and cell debris and process antigen and present it.
Give examples of monocytes throughout the body.
Liver Kupffer cells, pulmonary alveolar macrophages, dendritic antigen-presenting cells, sinus lining cells of the spleen and lymph node, and free macrophages of the synovial, pleural, and peritoneal fluid.
What is the function of B lymphocytes?
They are independently able to identify foreign antigens and differentiate into antibody producing plasma and memory cells
What human cytokine stimulates B lymphocytes?
Interleukin-2
What is the role of T lymphocytes?
T helper cells induce B lymphocytes, T suppressor cells recognize and kill virus infected cells
What is the function of natural killer cells?
Cells that bond to and lyse other cells especially those infected with virus
What on a cell’s surface marks it as an antigen-presenting cell?
MHC class II expression
The four loci of the human leukocyte antigen (hla) system have a strong influence on what physical states?
(1) Human allotransplantation
(2) Transfusions in refractory patients
(3) Specific disease associations
What cells are classified as antigen-presenting dendritic cells?
Langerhans’ cells in skin, dendritic reticulum cells of lymph nodes, follicular dendritic cells, interstitial dendritic cells, microglia of CNS
What is the principal immunoglobulin in exocrine secretions e.g. breast milk, respiratory and intestinal mucous, saliva and tears?
IgA
What immunoglobulin can move across the placenta thus becoming an important immunoglobulin for newborns?
IgG
What is the main immunoglobulin in serum?
IgG