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Part 1 > Immunological System Pathology 1 - Virology > Flashcards

Immunological System Pathology 1 - Virology Flashcards

1
Q

What lymphoid cell is most affected by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)?

A

B lymphocytes

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2
Q

What two diseases are associated with EBV?

A

Infectious mononucleosis

Chronic fatigue syndrome

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3
Q

What infection is defined by the appearance of multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear inclusions inside organ tissues?

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

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4
Q

How is EBV distinguished from CMV?

A

Monospot test for EBV (heterophile antibodies) or by detecting anti-cmv IgM in a blood sample

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5
Q

What is the gold standard test for CMV?

A

Tissue culture

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6
Q

What is the characteristic finding found in tissue staining for CMV?

A

“Owl’s eyes” bodies, otherwise known as basophilic intranuclear inclusion body surrounded by a clear halo.

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7
Q

Human herpes virus-6 is associated with what exanthum?

A

Roseola infantum

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8
Q

Roseola infantum is associated with what characteristic macular rash? What other virus can cause this?

A

The slapped cheek rash; parvovirus B19 (a.k.a. erythrovirus B19)

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9
Q

What are the four pathogenic viruses in the Paramyxovirus family?

A

Measles

Mumps

Respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)

Parainfluenza viruses.

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10
Q

What virus is associated with German measles?

A

Rubella

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11
Q

What is the incubation period of rubella?

A

14-21 days

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12
Q

Rubella infection is associated with what outcome if contracted by pregnant women?

A

Congenital malformation in the heart, the eyes, and/or brain in the fetus in the first trimester.

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13
Q

How is rubella spread?

A

Respiratory droplets

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14
Q

What is the name of the virus that causes measles?

A

Rubeola

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15
Q

What skin presentation is virtually diagnostic for measles? Where does it appear? What does it look like?

A

Koplik’s spots on the buccal mucosa; bright red lesions with a white center.

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16
Q

What is the incubation period for measles?

A

7-14 days.

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17
Q

What are the prodromal signs and symptoms of measles?

A

Fever

Cough

Rhinitis

Conjunctivitis

18
Q

What symptoms typically accompany the rash of measles?

A

(1) Photophobia

(2) Cough

(3) Conjunctivitis

(4) Pruritis

(5) Leukopenia

(6) Leukocytosis

19
Q

What progressive, usually fatal brain disorder is associated with measles?

A

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

20
Q

Where are the most common sites for common warts?

A

Fingers

Hands

Elbows

21
Q

How is mumps transmitted?

A

Respiratory droplets

22
Q

What is the incubation period of mumps?

A

14-24 days

23
Q

Mumps is initially associated with the swelling of what tissue?

A

Parotid glands

24
Q

What condition in postpubertal males is associated with mumps?

A

Bilateral orchitis

25
Q

The common cold is caused most commonly by which viruses?

A

Rhinovirus, coronavirus, rsv, adenovirus, parainfluenza, metapneumovirus

26
Q

Epidemics of influenza are associated with what strain of the virus? Why?

A

Influenza A, related to its large number of hosts (compared to influenza B which infects only humans and seals).

27
Q

Pandemics of influenza are associated with what changes in the virus?

A

Antigenic shift, major changes in rna

28
Q

How is Coxsackie virus spread?

A

Fecal-oral route

29
Q

What diseases are associated with coxsackie virus?

A

Myocarditis/pericarditis

Meningitis/encephalitis

Respiratory infections

Hand-foot-mouth disease

30
Q

The rhabdovirus is associated with what disease?

A

Rabies

31
Q

The formation of what in the cns is a hallmark sign of rabies?

A

Negri bodies

32
Q

What is the incubation period of rabies?

A

30-50 days

33
Q

Alpha and flavi viruses are spread by what vector?

A

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

34
Q

What three diseases are associated with alpha and flavi viruses?

A

Yellow fever

Dengue fever

Viral encephalitis e.g. St. Louis and West Nile virus

35
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has tropism for what types of cells in the body?

A

CD4+ T-helper lymphocytes

36
Q

What are the most common routes of hiv transmission?

A

Contact with blood

Sexual intercourse with exchange of bodily fluids

Placentally

During birth

Via breast milk

37
Q

How is a preliminary diagnosis of hiv made?

A

Via a positive elisa test

38
Q

If a patient gets a positive elisa test what do you follow up with?

A

A confirmatory Western Blot test

39
Q

What does it mean that hiv is a retrovirus?

A

RNA virus that uses reverse transcriptase in a host cell to generate DNA which is then incorporated into the host genome via integrase so that the virus can then be replicated by the host cell.

40
Q

What is envelope of an enveloped virus made of?

A

Host plasma membrane lipids and glycoproteins and some viral glycoproteins.

41
Q

What are the most important enveloped viruses in medicine?

A

Herpes and pox viruses

Dengue and yellow fever

Rubella

Viral encephalitis

HBV and HDV

Influenza, RSV, metapneumonavirus, parainfluenza

Rabies

Retroviruses

Part 1 (73 decks)

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