CV System Anatomy 1 Flashcards
In what chambers are the SA and AV nodes?
Right atria
Where does blood from cardiac veins flow into?
Through the coronary sinus into the right atrium
How much serous fluid lies between the parietal and visceral layer of the pericardium?
Approximately 10-15 ml or cc
What work together to prevent tricuspid and mitral valves from buckling open?
Chordae tendinae and papillary muscle. Papillary muscles pull on the chordae tendinae (which attach to AV valves).
When do coronary arteries fill?
During diastole blood backs up and fills up the semilunar valves of the aortic valve, entering coronaries
Where does the subclavian artery turn into the axillary artery?
At the lateral border of first rib
At what level of the spine does the vertebral artery enter the transverse foramen?
C6
What are the 2 sources for blood to the cns?
The vertebral artery
The internal carotid
Internal carotid artery supplies the anterior and middle aspects of the brain. Vertebral artery supplies the posterior brain.
What does the common carotid ascend the neck with?
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
What happens to the common carotid between the hyoid bone and upper thyroid cartilage?
It bifurcates into internal and external carotid arteries.
What artery supplies all the visceral, musculoskeletal and dental structures of the head and neck apart from the brain and orbit?
The external carotid artery. Internal head structures are supplied by the internal carotid artery.
What artery supplies the orbit? Where does it come from?
Opthalmic artery that branches off from the internal carotid
What is the terminal branch of the external carotid?
The superficial temporal
What is a major source of blood for deep skull cavity, part of the orbit, teeth, muscles of mastication, and the dura mater?
Maxillary artery (from the external carotid artery)
What supplies the anterior part of brain?
The internal carotid. This supplies the anterior and middle aspects of the brain. Vertebral artery supplies the posterior brain.
What do the 2 vertebral arteries form?
The basilar artery
What supplies the posterior part of brain?
The basilar artery from the 2 vertebral arteries
What purpose does the circle of Willis serve?
It encircles the pituitary gland and the optic chiasm. It unites the brain’s anterior and posterior blood supply, equalizes the 2 hemisphere’s blood pressures, and provides alternative routes for blood to reach the brain if a vessel becomes compromised
From what artery does the superior cerebellar branch?
Basilar
What branches off from the vertebral artery?
Posterior and anterior spinal arteries
Posterior inferior cerebellar
What branches off from the basilar artery?
Superior cerebellar
Anterior and middle inferior cerebellar
Labyrinthine
Pontine
What drains blood from scalp and face?
External jugular. Versus the internal carotid artery supplies internal head structures (like the brain).
What drains blood from brain, superficial face, and neck?
Internal jugular vein
Which jugular vein joins up with subclavian vein?
External jugular
Where does the Azygos Vein drain into?
The superior vena cava
What crosses anterior to the scalene tubercle of the 1st rib?
The subclavian vein
What do internal jugular and subclavian become?
Brachiocephalic vein
What travels superficial to SCM
External jugular
What structures in the dura mater collect venous blood from the brain?
Sinuses
Where do the sinuses drain to?
The internal jugular vein
What structure drains blood from the brain?
Cavernous sinus
What structure provides collateral blood flow through the head?
The pterygoid plexus
What vein travels on the radial side of the arm?
The cephalic vein
What vein travels on the ulnar side of the arm?
Basilic. Basilic and cephalic veins are connected via the median cubital vein.
What vein crosses the cubital fossa?
Median cubital
The basilic vein joins with what to form the inferior portion of the axillary vein?
The brachial vein
What merge into the popliteal vein?
Anterior and Posterior tibial veins
What veins drain into the popliteal vein?
Ant. and post. tibial veins
Small saphenous vein
What does the popliteal vein become?
Femoral vein
What drains into the femoral vein?
Great saphenous vein
What vein travels from the medial foot along the medial calf?
Saphenous vein
What vein begins behind medial malleolus and crosses popliteal fossa?
Small saphenous vein
What forms the portal vein?
Superior mesenteric vein
Splenic vein
How does blood drain from the liver?
Via sinusoids into hepatic veins and into the inferior vena cava
What drains the greater curvature of the stomach, spleen and pancreas?
The splenic vein
What drains the transverse and the descending colon, sigmoid and rectum?
Inferior mesenteric vein
Where does the inferior mesenteric vein drain?
Into the splenic vein
What does the superior mesenteric vein drain?
Small intestine and ascending colon
What lymphatic vessel drains the lower extremities?
Cisterna chyli
What does the cisterna chyli flow into?
The thoracic duct (which flows into the subclavian vein then into the inferior vena cava)
True or False: The upper Left side and the lower right and left side of the body’s lymph drains into the Thoracic duct?
True, the upper right side of the body (from lower costal margin up to head) drains into the right lymphatic duct, while the rest drains into the thoracic duct
Where does the lymph of the right upper extremity and right neck flow?
Into the right lymphatic duct
Where does the thoracic duct drain?
Into the left subclavian vein
What makes up central lymphatic tissue?
Bone marrow and thymus. This is where stem cells proliferate into mature B and T lymphocytes. These cells then migrate from the bone marrow or thymus to secondary lymphoid organs.
Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart via the vagus nerve innervates which two control center?
SA node and AV node
What is the function of the carotid sinus reflex?
To maintain normal blood pressure in the brain. Carotid sinus contain baroreceptors that sense blood pressure changes.
What makes up peripheral lymphoid tissue?
Lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches, spleen
