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Part 1 > GI System Anatomy 1 > Flashcards

GI System Anatomy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

To which bones are the teeth attached?

A

The superior teeth attaches to the maxilla

The inferior teeth attach to the mandible

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2
Q

How many permanent teeth are there?

A

Thirty-two

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3
Q

How many deciduous teeth are there?

A

Twenty

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4
Q

What nerve supplies the teeth?

A

The superior and inferior alveolar nerves

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5
Q

What glandular duct opens at level of 2nd maxillary molars?

A

Parotid gland

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6
Q

What innervates touch and taste for the epiglottis?

A

CN X (vagus)

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7
Q

What nerve innervates the upper 1/3 of the striate muscle of the esophagus?

A

Vagus (CN X)

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8
Q

Where does peristalsis occur in the esophagus?

A

Inferior 2/3

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9
Q

What passes through the diaphragm?

A

The esophagus

The aorta

Inferior vena cava

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10
Q

At what spinal level are the aortic opening, esophageal opening, and the caval opening (i.e. where the inferior vena cava and the right phrenic nerve pass through) in the diaphragm?

A

Aortic opening at T12

The esophageal opening at T10

The caval opening at T8

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11
Q

True or False: The diaphragm, external and internal intercostals and transverse thoracic muscle are all innervated by the intercostal nerves.

A

False, the diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve and the other 3 are innervated by the intercostal nerves.

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12
Q

What organs are retroperitoneal?

A

Duodenum

Ascending and descending colon

Kidney

Pancreas (at least part of it)

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13
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

A

Right

Left

Quadrate

Caudate

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14
Q

What tunnels through liver to collect filtered blood?

A

Inferior vena cava

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15
Q

What does the hepatic triad consist of?

A

Hepatic artery

Hepatic vein

Bile duct

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16
Q

Where does the liver tissue get its blood from?

A

Hepatic artery from the celiac trunk

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17
Q

What separates the right from the left lobe of the liver?

A

Falciform ligament

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18
Q

What attaches the liver to the abdominal wall?

A

Round ligament

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19
Q

What is the name of the transverse fissure where ducts and vessels enter and leave the liver on the visceral surface between the caudate and quadrate lobes?

A

Porta hepatis

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20
Q

What are the 2 sources of blood for the liver?

A

Hepatic artery

Portal vein

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21
Q

What separates the quadrate lobe of the liver from the left lobe on visceral surface?

A

Ligamentum teres

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22
Q

Where is the main site of unconjugated bilirubin production?

A

Spleen. Unconjugated bilirubin (aka indirect bilirubin) travels from the bloodstream into the liver. This form is not water soluble. Conjugated bilirubin (aka direct bilirubin) is converted in the liver from unconjugated bilirubin. This water soluble molecule turns into bile when it enters into the small intestines.

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23
Q

How is unconjugated bilirubin transported in the blood?

A

It is bound to albumin

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24
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for conjugating bilirubin in the liver?

A

Glucuronyltransferase

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25
Q

Describe the musculature of the stomach from inside out.

A

Internal-oblique

Middle-circular

Outer-longitudinal

26
Q

What stomach cell type secretes pepsinogen and gastric lipase?

A

Chief cells

27
Q

Stomach D cells secrete what?

A

Somatostatin

28
Q

Which stomach cells produce secretions that stimulate HCL production?

A

G cells and enterochromaffin-like cells

29
Q

Which stomach cells are predominant in the fundus?

A

Parietal, chief, and enterochromaffin-like cells

30
Q

What artery supplies the stomach?

A

The celiac via the L and R gastric arteries

31
Q

The greater curvature of the stomach is supplied by which arteries?

A

R and L gastroepiploic arteries

32
Q

The lesser curvature of the stomach is supplied by which arteries?

A

R and L gastric arteries

33
Q

What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk?

A

Left gastric

Common hepatic

Splenic

34
Q

What organs receive blood from the celiac trunk?

A

Stomach

Liver

Spleen

35
Q

What are the 3 main veins that drain into the portal vein?

A

Splenic

Superior mesenteric

Inferior mesenteric

36
Q

What kind of nerves are splanchnic nerves?

A

Sympathetics

37
Q

What action do splanchnic nerves have on the stomach?

A

Decreased peristalsis and acid secretion

38
Q

What does the celiac ganglion do for the muscle of the stomach?

A

It provides sympathetic signals to the stomach.

Celiac ganglion contains splanchnic nerves.

39
Q

What has sympathetic action on the gastric arteries and pyloric sphincter?

A

Celiac ganglion, which is comprised of the lesser and greater splanchnic nerves

40
Q

What provides the parasympathetics to the stomach?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

41
Q

What action do parasympathetics have on the stomach?

A

Increased peristalsis and acid secretion

42
Q

What vein drains the stomach?

A

The gastric vein, which drains into the portal vein

43
Q

How do pancreatic enzymes enter duodenum?

A

Through the duodenal papilla

44
Q

Which part of the S.I. does most of the nutrient absorption?

A

Jejunum

45
Q

Which part of the S.I. has larger diameter, larger villi and longer vasa recta (straight arteries)?

A

Jejunum

46
Q

Which part of the S.I. has more arterial arcades and more Peyer’s patches?

A

Ileum

47
Q

In which part of the S.I. is vitamin B12 absorbed?

A

Terminal ileum

48
Q

What artery supplies blood to the S.I.?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

49
Q

What vein drains the S.I.?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

50
Q

Where does the lacteal transport fat?

A

To the thoracic duct

51
Q

What are the thickened bands of longitudinal smooth muscle of the L.I. called?

A

Teniae coli

52
Q

What are the pouches of the colon called?

A

Haustra

53
Q

Which parts of the colon are retroperitoneal?

A

Ascending and descending portions

54
Q

What vascular beds in the anus can cause internal hemorrhages?

A

Rectal venous plexus

55
Q

What nerve innervates the skeletal muscle of the external anal sphincter?

A

Pudendal nerve

56
Q

What parts of the large intestine does the superior mesenteric supply?

A

Ileocecal area

Ascending colon

1/2 of transverse colon

57
Q

What part of the L.I. does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

1/2 of transverse colon

Descending colon

Sigmoid

Rectum

58
Q

Where are three areas of concern for varicosities caused by hypertension?

A

Esophagus - bleeding varices

Anal canal - hemorrhoids

Umbilicus

59
Q

Where do the parasympathetics that supply 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum come from?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

60
Q

Which spinal nerves do pelvic splanchnic nerves come from?

A

S2-S4

61
Q

Where does the parasympathetic supply for the ascending colon and 2/3 of the transverse colon come from?

A

Vagus nerve

Part 1 (73 decks)

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