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Part 1 > Neuro System Anatomy 1 > Flashcards

Neuro System Anatomy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the ventricles of the brain.

A

lateral ventricles, third ventricle, and fourth ventricle

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2
Q

How do the 2 lateral ventricles communicate with the third ventricle?

A

The interventricular foramina or foramen (aka the foramina of Monro)

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3
Q

What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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4
Q

What divides the cerebral peduncle into an anterior part (the crus cerebri) and a posterior part (tegmentum)?

A

Substantia nigra

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5
Q

Where would you find the graciles tubercle?

A

Brain

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6
Q

How many cervical nerves are there?

A

Eight

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7
Q

How many coccygeal nerves are there?

A

One

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8
Q

At what level does spinal cord end?

A

L2

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9
Q

What are the nerve roots below L2 called?

A

The cauda equina

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10
Q

What does the brain stem consist of?

A

Medulla oblongata

Pons

Midbrain

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11
Q

What divides frontal and parietal lobes?

A

Central sulcus

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12
Q

What separates frontal and temporal lobes?

A

Lateral sulcus

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13
Q

What separates the cingulate gyrus from the superior frontal gyrus?

A

The cingulate sulcus

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14
Q

What separates the cingulate gyrus from the corpus callosum?

A

Callosal sulcus

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15
Q

What does the cerebrum consist of?

A

The telencephalon and the diencephalon

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16
Q

What 4 structures make up the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Subthalamus

Epithalamus

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17
Q

What parts make up the telencephalon?

A

cerebral cortex

subcortical white matter

Basal ganglia

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18
Q

What is the cerebellum comprised of?

A

2 lateral hemispheres divided by the vermis

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19
Q

What structure is connected to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum?

A

The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus via the infundibulum and the infundibulum is considered part of the posterior lobe or the neurohypophysis

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20
Q

What part of the spinal cord contains the nerve bodies and unmyelinated fibers?

A

Gray matter

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21
Q

What part of the spinal cord contains somatic cell bodies and have motor functions?

A

Ventral or anterior horn

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22
Q

What part of the spinal cord contains visceral cell bodies and have visceral motor function?

A

Lateral horn

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23
Q

What part of the spinal cord contains the cell bodies of the neuron and have sensory functions?

A

Dorsal horn

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24
Q

What part of the spinal cord and brain contains an interconnecting nerve system which is made of the myelinated nerve fibers?

A

White matter. Myelin sheaths (which contain fat) gives white matter its color.

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25
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal

Parietal

Temporal

Occipital

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26
Q

What is the general function of the frontal lobe?

A

Motor function

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27
Q

What is the general function of the parietal lobe?

A

Somatosensory

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28
Q

What is the general function of the occipital lobe?

A

Vision

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29
Q

What is the general function of the temporal lobe?

A

Auditory

30
Q

From superior to inferior what is the flow of csf through the ventricles?

A

Lateral –> Third –> Fourth

31
Q

From outside to inside what are the layers of the meninges?

A

Dura mater –> Arachnoid mater –> Pia mater

32
Q

What kinds of nerve fibers are found in dorsal rami?

A

Sensory fibers carrying afferent information

33
Q

What kinds of nerve fibers are found in ventral rami?

A

Motor fibers carrying efferent information

34
Q

What are the spinal levels of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Brainstem - C1

S2,3,4

35
Q

What are the spinal levels of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

T1-L2

36
Q

Where is the primary somatic sensory cortex located?

A

Postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex

37
Q

Where in the brain is the motor cortex located?

A

Precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe of both hemispheres

38
Q

What portion of the brain is responsible for controlling the motor function of the muscles responsible for speech?

A

The Broca’s area

39
Q

What are the names of the three main ascending pathways?

A

Nonspecific ascending (Anterolateral) pathway

Specific ascending (Lemniscal) pathway

Spinocerebellar pathway

40
Q

In what tract do pain and temperature travel?

A

In the lateral spinothalamic tract

41
Q

In what tract does crude touch travel?

A

Anterior spinothalamic tract

42
Q

In what tract do proprioception, tactile pressure, stereognosis, barognosis and 2 point discrimination?

A

In the gracilis and cuneatus fasiculi

43
Q

Which part of the ascending lemniscal pathway transmits information from upper limbs and upper trunk?

A

The fasciculus cuneatus

44
Q

Which part of the ascending lemniscal pathway transmits information from the lower limbs and inferior trunk?

A

The fasciculus gracilis

45
Q

Which tract is concerned with subconscious perception ie. muscle and position sense pathway?

A

Spinocerebellar tract

46
Q

Where do the anterior and lateral spinothalamic tract decussate?

A

At the level of the spinal cord at which they entered

47
Q

Where do the gracilis and cuneate fasiculi decussate?

A

In the medulla

48
Q

Where does the spinocerebellar pathway decussate?

A

It doesn’t or it crosses over twice and cancels out the original decussation

49
Q

Where does reticular formation take place?

A

The brain stem

50
Q

Which portion of the brain stem controls autonomic function and houses the reflex centers for the respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor system in addition to the reflex centers for vomiting, coughing, sneezing, and swallowing?

A

The medulla

51
Q

What cranial nerves have their nuclei of origin in the midbrain?

A

CN III and IV

52
Q

What cranial nerves have their nuclei of origin in the pons?

A

CN V, VI, VII

53
Q

What cranial nerves have their nuclei of origin in the medulla?

A

CN VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

54
Q

What Cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?

A

Olfactory (CN I)

55
Q

The Trigeminal Nerve is divided into what 3 nerves?

A

The Opthalmic Nerve (CN V1)

The Maxillary Nerve (CN V2)

The Mandibular Nerve (CN V3)

56
Q

What nerves does the opthalmic nerve (CN V1) branch off into?

A

Frontal nerve (breaks into the Supraorbital and Supratrochlear nerve)

Nasociliary nerve (branches into the Infratrochlear, Long ciliary, and Ethmoidal nerve, and Long root of the ciliary ganglion)

Lacrimal nerve

57
Q

What nerves does the maxillary nerve (CN V2) branch off into?

A

Middle Meningeal nerve

Infraorbital nerve (which branches into the Superior Labial nerve branch)

Zygomatic nerve (branches into the Zygomaticotemporal and Zygomaticofacial nerve)

Superior Alveolar nerves (branches into the Posterior, Anterior, and Middle Superior Alveolar nerve)

Inferior palpebral nerve

Sphenopalatine (Pterygopalatine) ganglion (divides into the Nasopalatine branches, Palatine nerves (divides into the Greater and Lesser Palatine nerve), and the Pharyngeal nerves)

58
Q

What nerves does the mandibular nerve (CN V3) branch off into?

A

Nervus spinosus

Medial pterygoid nerve

Buccal nerve

Masseteric nerve

Lateral pterygoid nerve

Auriculotemporal nerve

Lingual nerve

Inferior Alveolar nerve

otic ganglion

59
Q

What nerve is responsible for lacrimal and salivary glands?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

60
Q

What are the 5 main motor nerve branches of the Facial nerve?

A

Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, and Cervical

61
Q

Which nerve’s origin is in the pons and it supplies motor function to the lateral rectus muscle?

A

Abducens Nerve (CN VI)

62
Q

Where are the superior cerebellar peduncles located?

A

Pons

63
Q

Where is the substantia nigra located?

A

Midbrain

64
Q

What part of the brain regulates the emotional state?

A

The limbic system

65
Q

In what part of the brain do we consolidate short term memory into long term?

A

Hippocampus

66
Q

In what part of brain do we find conditioned fear?

A

Amygdala

67
Q

Where is dopamine released from?

A

Substantia nigra

68
Q

What is released from raphe nucleus?

A

Serotonin

69
Q

Where is norepinephrine released from in the brain?

A

Locus ceruleus

70
Q

Which cranial nerves have parasympathetic action?

A

CN III, VII, IX, and X

Part 1 (73 decks)

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