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Nutrition 2 > Phase II Detox pathways > Flashcards

Phase II Detox pathways Flashcards

1
Q

What does Glucuronidation detoxify?

A

Glucuronidation Detoxifies: Oestrogens, NSAIDs, morphine, hydrocarbons.

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2
Q

What inhibits Glucuronidation?

A

Inhibited by: Aspirin, smoking, oral contraceptive pills (OCP), fluoride.

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3
Q

What is required for Glucuronidation?

A

Requires: Glucuronic acid (found in apples, alfalfa, broccoli).

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4
Q

What enhances Glucuronidation?

A

Enhanced by: Citrus peel, brassica vegetables, turmeric.

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5
Q

What does Sulphation detoxify?

A

Sulphation Detoxifies: Steroid hormones (e.g., oestrogen), food additives, industrial chemicals.

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6
Q

What inhibits Sulphation?

A

Inhibited by: NSAIDs, tartrazine, molybdenum deficiency.

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7
Q

What is required for Sulphation?

A

Requires: Sulphur-containing amino acids (cysteine, methionine), sulphur-rich foods (brassica vegetables, onion, garlic), molybdenum (found in leafy vegetables, legumes, grains).

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8
Q

What enhances Sulphation?

A

Enhanced by: (No enhancement data provided)

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9
Q

What does Acetylation detoxify?

A

Acetylation Detoxifies: Smoke, heterocyclic amines (HAAs), halides, histamine, sulphonamides.

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10
Q

What inhibits Acetylation?

A

What inhibits Acetylation?

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11
Q

What is required for Acetylation?

A

Requires: Vitamins B1, B5, C, and butyric acid (short-chain fatty acid, SCFA).

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12
Q

What inhibits Methylation?

A

Inhibited by: B12 and folate deficiency; a high sucrose diet can inhibit enzymes such as COMT.

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13
Q

What does Methylation detoxify?

A

Methylation Detoxifies: Steroid hormones (including oestrogen), dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, arsenic, urea.

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14
Q

What is required for Methylation?

A

Requires: Methionine, betaine, choline, B2, B6, B12, folate, magnesium.

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15
Q

What does Amino Acid Conjugation detoxify?

A

Amino Acid Conjugation Detoxifies: Xenobiotics, drugs (e.g., aspirin, statins).

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16
Q

What inhibits Amino Acid Conjugation?

A

Inhibited by: Low protein diet.

17
Q

What is required for Amino Acid Conjugation?

A

Requires: Glycine (found in legumes, seaweed, cauliflower, bone broth, meat, fish, eggs), taurine, glutamine, arginine.

18
Q

What does Glutathione Conjugation detoxify?

A

Glutathione Conjugation Detoxifies: Xenobiotics, paracetamol, heavy metals (e.g., mercury).

19
Q

What inhibits Glutathione Conjugation?

A

Inhibited by: Selenium, B6, zinc, and glutathione deficiency.

20
Q

What is required for Glutathione Conjugation?

A

Requires: Glycine, glutamine, and cysteine for the formation of glutathione.

21
Q

What enhances Glutathione Conjugation?

A

Enhanced by: Brassica vegetables (e.g., broccoli sprouts), turmeric, citrus peel, alpha-lipoic acid.

Nutrition 2 (29 decks)

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