Detoxification: Phase III Flashcards
Q: What happens during Phase III of detoxification?
A: Phase III is the final stage of detoxification, where detoxified products are excreted into blood or bile for elimination.
Q: How does Phase III detoxification work on a cellular level?
A: Over 350 ATP-dependent antiporter proteins work to transport specific substrates for removal during Phase III.
Q: What are two methods to support and induce Phase III metabolism?
A:
Fasting, such as intermittent fasting or consuming vegetable broth, helps induce a lipolytic state where fat-stored toxins are mobilized.
Proper hydration is crucial to support the elimination process.
Q: Why should fasts and calorie restriction for detoxification be short-term?
A: Fasts and calorie restriction should be short-term (5–10 days) and supported by toxin elimination methods like saunas to avoid adverse effects.
Q: Name two types of herbs that support Phase III detoxification and how they work.
A:
Choleretic herbs like dandelion root and globe artichoke leaf increase bile production.
Cholagogue herbs like burdock root increase bile release from the gallbladder, supporting bile flow and detoxification.
Q: What is the caution regarding isolated phytonutrients like curcumin and epicatechins in Phase III detoxification?
A: High doses of isolated phytonutrients such as curcumin (from turmeric) and epicatechins (from green tea) may inhibit Phase III detoxification.
Q: Should turmeric and green tea still be included in detox diets despite this caution?
A: Yes, whole plant preparations of turmeric and green tea should still be included for their detoxification and antioxidant benefits.
Q: How is bile involved in detoxification?
A: A portion of conjugated toxins from the liver are pumped into bile and excreted through the intestines during detoxification.
Q: What factors influence the efficiency of toxin excretion in Phase III detoxification?
A: Diet and gut microflora influence the efficiency of toxin excretion during Phase III.
Q: How does fibre support Phase III detoxification?
A: Fibre binds conjugated toxins, reduces stool transit time, and decreases deconjugating enzymes in the stool, promoting more efficient elimination.
Q: What is dysbiosis and how does it affect detoxification?
A: Dysbiosis is an imbalance of gut bacteria, where harmful bacteria produce beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme that deconjugates Phase II metabolites, decreasing toxin elimination and allowing compounds to re-enter the bloodstream.
