Obesity and Eating Disorders - Appetite and Satiety Flashcards
Q: What is satiety, and what factors contribute to it?
A: Satiety is the physiological state of fullness at the end of a meal, preventing further eating. It involves:
Stomach stretch via the Vagus nerve.
Hormones like ghrelin, leptin, and adiponectin.
Peptides such as GLP-1 and CCK.
Neuropeptides (e.g., NPY, AGRP) and neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine.
Q: What is leptin, and how does it regulate satiety?
A: Leptin is a satiety hormone produced by adipocytes that signals the CNS to regulate food intake and energy expenditure. It is released in a diurnal pattern.
Q: What is leptin resistance (LR), and how does it affect the body?
A: Leptin resistance is when the brain becomes less sensitive to leptin signals. It leads to high leptin levels without functionality, causing abdominal weight gain, sleep issues, chronic fatigue, and metabolic diseases. LR worsens with increased adipose tissue.
Q: How can leptin resistance be reduced?
A: Strategies to reduce leptin resistance include:
Regular exercise.
Fasting.
Balancing macronutrients.
Restoring proper sleep.
Q: What is ghrelin, and how does it influence appetite?
A: Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulating hormone that increases before meals and decreases after eating. It plays roles in short-term feeding and long-term energy regulation.
Q: How does weight loss affect ghrelin levels?
A: Weight loss increases ghrelin levels, which may lead to heightened hunger during dieting.
Q: What factors influence ghrelin levels?
A: Factors include age, sex, BMI, glucose, insulin levels, and sleep.
Q: What is adiponectin, and what are its key functions?
A: Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory adipokine that:
Enhances insulin sensitivity.
Increases glucose uptake and fat β-oxidation.
Protects against obesity-related diseases like T2DM and cardiovascular conditions.
Q: How can adiponectin levels be boosted naturally?
A: Boost adiponectin by:
Consuming blueberries, turmeric, and omega-3.
Eating 40–50 grams of fiber daily.
Drinking green tea and engaging in HIIT.
Trying cold water therapy.
Q: What does a low adiponectin:leptin ratio indicate?
A: A low ratio suggests dysfunctional adipose tissue, increased oxidative stress, and inflammation.
