Diagnostics - Vaginal Microbiome Testing Flashcards
What is the vaginal microbiome (VMB) and its importance?
The vaginal microbiome is essential for vaginal, reproductive, and maternal health. It contains approximately 1 billion bacteria per gram of vaginal fluid in reproductive-age women and is influenced by various host factors.
What characterizes bacterial vaginosis (BV)?
BV is characterized by an imbalance in Lactobacilli-dominant vaginal flora.
When should the vaginal microbiome be tested?
The vaginal microbiome should be tested in cases of bacterial vaginosis (BV), recurrent thrush, infertility, miscarriages, endometriosis, or to understand the vaginal ecology and its relationship with host immunity.
What does vaginal pH indicate in vaginal microbiome testing?
A healthy vaginal pH in reproductive-age women is 3.8-4.5, maintained by Lactobacilli producing hydrogen peroxide. High pH (>4.5) suggests BV or dysbiosis, while low pH indicates high lactic acid and a healthy microbiota.
What is Interleukin beta-1 (I.beta1) and its role in vaginal testing?
Interleukin beta-1 is an inflammation marker. Levels < 220 pg/ml may indicate BV or candida overgrowth.
What dominates a healthy vaginal microbiome?
A healthy vaginal microbiome is dominated by Lactobacilli, which produce lactic acid to maintain an acidic environment that inhibits pathogens.
How is vaginal health linked to microbiome diversity?
Vaginal health is associated with low microbiome diversity but Lactobacilli dominance. Increased diversity can lead to pH changes and modifications in the host immune response.
What practices support a healthy vaginal microbiome?
To support the vaginal microbiome, avoid soap in the vagina, antibiotics, copper coil, common lubricants, excessive simple carbs and alcohol, smoking, and douching. Include vaginal probiotics and optimize the GI microbiome.
What foods and supplements support vaginal health and Lactobacilli growth?
To enhance Lactobacilli growth, consume a diverse range of prebiotic and probiotic foods, polyphenols, and menopausal estrogen-supportive foods like flaxseeds and black cohosh.
