Nutrigenomics Flashcards
Q: What is Nutrigenomics?
A: Nutrigenomics is the study of the interaction between nutrition and genes, focusing on disease prevention and treatment. It involves creating personalized nutrition plans based on gene-nutrition interactions.
Q: What is an example of Nutrigenomics in practice?
A: A genetic variant may affect how well someone converts beta-carotene into vitamin A, influencing dietary recommendations.
Q: What are key milestones in Nutrigenomics history?
1933: DNA discovered in chromosomes
1941: Genes identified as coding for proteins
1953: Structure of double helix DNA revealed
1980: DNA structure mapping completed
1990–2003: Human Genome Project conducted
Q: Define the following terms in Nutrigenomics: Gene, Trait, Allele, Phenotype, Genomics.
Gene: DNA sequence coding for a protein
Trait: Inherited characteristic (e.g., shyness)
Allele: Variant form of a gene (e.g., eye color)
Phenotype: Combination of genetic and environmental influences
Genomics: Study of gene interactions and their influence on biological pathways
Q: What is the structure and function of DNA?
A: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains genetic information in two paired nucleotide chains (double helix) made of A (adenine), C (cytosine), T (thymine), and G (guanine). DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins from amino acids.
Q: What are codons in Nutrigenomics?
A: Codons are 3-nucleotide sequences that code for amino acids and make up genes. For example, the codon ‘AUG’ codes for methionine.
Q: What are SNPs and how do they affect metabolism?
A: SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) are genetic variations in a single DNA base (A, T, C, or G). They can influence how individuals metabolize nutrients, detoxify harmful compounds, and respond to drugs.
Q: Provide an example of an SNP and its clinical implications.
A: An SNP in the SLC23A1 gene affects vitamin C absorption. Individuals with this SNP may need higher dietary intake of vitamin C for optimal levels.
Q: What is the significance of SNP classification?
A: SNPs are identified by an rs number, e.g., rs1801133. They can be classified as wild types, heterozygous (1 variant), or homozygous (2 variants), with varying implications for function and health.
Q: How is Nutrigenomics useful in clinical settings?
A: Nutrigenomics can explain why individuals might have nutrient deficiencies despite a nutrient-rich diet, such as vitamin A deficiency from inadequate beta-carotene conversion or oestrogen dominance leading to breast cancer risk.
Q: What types of tests are used in Nutrigenomics?
A: Nutrigenomic tests typically involve collecting DNA samples via cheek swabs to identify key SNPs affecting physiology and nutrition. Examples include Lifecode Gx, Nordic DNA Life, and My DNA Health.
Q: How does Nutrigenomics help optimize health outcomes?
A: By identifying individual variations in nutrient metabolism and disease risk, clinicians can tailor dietary and lifestyle interventions to enhance health.
