Nutritional Pharmacology - Drug – Nutrient Interactions Flashcards
What is the potential interaction between garlic and cholesterol or blood pressure drugs?
Garlic may interact with cholesterol (e.g., atorvastatin) and blood pressure drugs (e.g., propranolol, hydrochlorothiazide, captopril). It could also interact with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs, although 4g/day has little effect. Regular high dietary intake could lead to interactions.
Why should Ginkgo be avoided with antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications?
Ginkgo should be avoided because it can increase the risk of bleeding. It is recommended to stop Ginkgo use one week before surgery.
Which medications should be monitored for possible CYP induction when taken with Ginkgo?
Ginkgo may cause CYP induction, so medications like benzodiazepams (sedatives), anti-epileptic, antipsychotic, diabetic, HIV medications, and drugs like omeprazole, nifedipine, talinolol (BP) should be monitored.
How does grapefruit affect drug metabolism, and which enzyme is involved?
Grapefruit inhibits the enzyme CYP3A4 in the intestines (but not in the liver) for 24 hours. This enzyme is involved in the metabolism of over 50% of drugs, including digoxin and statins.
How does the interaction of pomegranate with drugs compare to that of grapefruit?
Pomegranate has similar interactions to grapefruit, particularly with CYP3A4 enzyme inhibition.
How do large amounts of green vegetables affect the efficacy of anticoagulants like warfarin?
Large amounts of green vegetables reduce the effect of anticoagulants like warfarin because they contain indoles (which increase warfarin metabolism) and vitamin K (a coagulant that reduces the anticlotting effects of warfarin).
