Detoxification: Glutathione Flashcards
What is glutathione and its role in detoxification?
Glutathione is a key antioxidant that protects against reactive metabolites from Phase I detoxification and is essential for Phase II glutathione conjugation.
What amino acid is the rate-limiting factor for glutathione synthesis, and what foods is it found in?
Cysteine is the rate-limiting amino acid for glutathione synthesis, found in foods like legumes, sunflower seeds, eggs, and chicken.
Name three health conditions associated with low glutathione levels.
Neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmunity, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), liver diseases, and pulmonary issues like COPD.
How does glutathione help with mercury detoxification?
Glutathione binds and removes mercury, including transport across the blood-brain barrier.
What can be done to decrease glutathione depletion in the body?
Lower oxidative stress by reducing toxic load, optimizing melatonin (with sleep hygiene and vitamin B6), and using alpha-lipoic acid.
List five supplements or foods that help increase glutathione levels.
Milk thistle (silymarin).
N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC).
Liposomal glutathione.
Resveratrol (found in red grapes and berries).
Cruciferous vegetables (contain glucosinolates).
Q: What mushroom is known to help increase glutathione levels?
A: Cordyceps mushrooms.
Q: What is the GSTM1 gene’s role in detoxification?
A: GSTM1 is a key gene in removing xenobiotics, carcinogens, and oxidative stress by-products.
Q: What is the impact of having an ‘absent’ GSTM1 gene?
A: An absent GSTM1 gene results in reduced liver detoxification capacity.
Q: What are some recommendations for individuals with an absent GSTM1 gene?
A:
Minimize toxic load (e.g., avoid smoking, eat organic).
Increase antioxidant intake (rainbow diet).
Eat cruciferous vegetables and alliums.
Supplement with milk thistle, NAC, alpha-lipoic acid, and selenium.
