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Positioning 1 > Patient Care Book Ch. 8 Medical Imaging Equipment > Flashcards

Patient Care Book Ch. 8 Medical Imaging Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

the termination of an x-ray exposure based upon optimum x-ray energy being sensed by a solid-state detector. this is user-selectable and its accuracy is position-dependent

A

automatic exposure control (AEC)

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2
Q

a feature of modern x-ray systems that enables simultaneous vertical movement of an upright image receptor and overhead x-ray tube

A

auto-tracking

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3
Q

positive electrode of the x-ray tube

A

anode

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4
Q

grid that is an integral part of the x-ray table, located below the tabletop and above a cassette receptor tray. it decreases the amount of scatter radiation reaching the image receptor, and can improve image quality. it also moves during exposure so that no grid lines appear on the image

A

bucky mechanism

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5
Q

lightproof holder for the image receptor. it may be a computerized radiography (CR) plate or a wireless, digital radiography (DR) panel

A

cassette

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6
Q

negative electrode of the x-ray tube

A

cathode

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7
Q

an essential device designed to define the dimensions and direction of the x-ray beam. this device consists of four rectilinear radiopaque blades that are adjustable to control the x-ray’s field size and shape. the collimator may be operated manually or automatically

A

collimator

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8
Q

a cooling refrigerant that is used to reduce external temperatures to a very low level. this is required in high field MR systems and typically is accomplished using liquid helium (-452 F) to create a state of magnetic superconductivity

A

cryogen

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9
Q

the amount of clinically useful, diagnostic information that is produced by a medical imaging modality

A

diagnostic yield

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10
Q

acronym for dual emission x-ray absorptiometry; x-ray based technology that is used to assess bone density and bone health. statistical calculations yield a T-score and fracture risk assessment (FRAX)

A

DXA

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11
Q

also called a Hounsfield Unit (HU), CT numbers represent the numerical valuation of differential absorption that occurs as x-ray energy penetrates tissue in a CT scan acquisition. CT numbers represent the degree of linear attenuation of a data point as compared to the linear attenuation coefficient of water, which is zero (0). CT numbers can range from +1000 (average bone) to -1000 (air) and are an essential diagnostic tool for the radiologist in determining tissue composition on a CT image

A

CT number

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12
Q

acquisition of static images in an electronic fashion to create an electronic data set; conversion of images to a digital format for image manipulation, enhancement, archival, and networking; often referenced as DR (digital radiography)

A

digital imaging

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13
Q

electrical component that possesses polarity with a negative and positive terminal

A

diode

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14
Q

common term for a flat-panel digital image receptor using either indirect or direct digital capture technology

A

DR panel

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15
Q

type of digital detector employing amorphous silicon or selenium material bonded with thin-film transistor technology for digital image creation and amplification

A

flat-panel detector (FPD)

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16
Q

device used for dynamic radiographic examinations of patient physiologic functionality; consists of an x-ray tube and image receptor, aligned with each other in an orthogonal relationship; the x-ray tube and receptor may be above or below the patient depending upon system design

A

fluoroscope

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17
Q

examination by means of the fluoroscope, employing image intensification or a flat panel detector

A

fluoroscopy

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18
Q

a device used in radionuclide imaging to collect gamma photon emissions from patients creating nuclear medicine images. gamma cameras may have one or two detector heads and may rotate around the patient as a series of images are taken to create a single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) image

A

gamma camera

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19
Q

term used to express the equipment component that contains major technological components comprising a CT or MR scanner

A

gantry

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20
Q

angulation scale incorporated into the x-ray tube-head assembly to indicate the degree of x-ray tube angle, relative to the image receptor

A

goniometer

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21
Q

numerical value used in CT as an expression of the attenuation coefficient of a particular tissue or material x-ray energies penetrate. considered a vital feature of CT image interpretation and also referred to as CT number

A

Hounsfield Unit (HU)

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22
Q

invisible image created electronically after x-ray exposure and before image processing

A

latent image

23
Q

a major piece of equipment used for radiation therapy to administer x-ray electron energies in the treatment of malignant tumors

A

linear accelerator

24
Q

lengthwise, or along the long axis

A

longitudinal

25
Q

computer network for the transmission, viewing, and archival storage of medial images; often integrated into a larger hospital information system (HIS) and radiology information system (RIS); replacing the older term PACS

A

medical image management and processing system (MIMPS)

26
Q

a perpendicular relationship between the x-ray beam central ray (CR) and image receptor

A

orthogonal

27
Q

mechanical support for suspending the x-ray tube and collimator assembly from the ceiling of the radiography room

A

overhead tube crane OTC/3-D suspension

28
Q

the flow of blood or lymphatic fluids into and out of cells as a function of cell metabolism. perfusion is critically important for normal cell and tissue physiology as it reflects the general health of tissues and their capability to transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products

A

perfusion

29
Q

computer network for the transmission, viewing, and archival storage of medical images; often integrated into a larger hospital information system (HIS) and radiology information system (RIS)

A

picture archival and communication system (PACS)

30
Q

an integral component of the ultrasound transducer that converts electrical energy into sound energies of various frequencies above the human audible range. these crystals also convert sound energy (echoes) into electrical signals that become the sonographic image

A

piezoelectric crystal

31
Q

form of automatic x-ray beam collimation of field size ensuring that the x-ray exposure field is no larger than the receptor size

A

positive beam limitation (PBL)

32
Q

manipulation of medical images after they have been acquired through x-ray exposure in order to improve image quality and diagnostic yield

A

postprocessing

33
Q

a fluoroscopic mode in which the fluoroscopic milli-amperage (mA) characteristics can be modified to maintain optimum image quality at a lower radiation dose; mA traits such as pulse height, pulse width, pulse rate and pulse interval can be altered to optimize image quality

A

pulsed progressive fluoroscopy (PPF)

34
Q

special type of glass that can withstand very high temperatures from the x-ray tube anode

A

pyrex glass

35
Q

a receptor of x-radiation that intercepts the primary beam and prevents exposure if not interlocked with the central ray of the x-ray beam. in fluoroscopy, the fluoroscopic digital panel or image intensifier tube are primary barriers

A

primary barrier

36
Q

an undesirable image quality characteristic that shows image graininess and a loss in visual acuity; most often the result of underexposure to the receptor

A

quantum mottle

37
Q

radio-frequency (RF) antennae that are used to transmit and receive RF frequencies, as an integral part of magnetic resonance (MR) image production

A

RF coil

38
Q

describes a material that easily transmits x-ray energy with very little absorption

A

radiolucent

39
Q

describes a material that absorbs x-ray energy, predominantly through the photoelectric effect

A

radiopaque

40
Q

radioactive substance that spontaneously emits nuclear particles and/or gamma radiation; chemically attached to a carrier material to assess tissue perfusion through the detection of gamma emissions

A

radionuclide

41
Q

images in which dynamic patient motion is visualized instantly as fluoroscopic imaging is occurring

A

real-time images

42
Q

all radiation exiting the patient during exposure and ultimately striking the receptor

A

remnant radiation

43
Q

the choice of MR scanning protocols used in scanning patients. sequences generally alter RF signal pulse amplitude and duration. an MR sequence can be likened to radiographic exposure technique selection

A

sequence

44
Q

visualization of x-ray images using a video monitor for display and interpretation

A

soft copy

45
Q

equipment that permits the acquisition of static images during a dynamic fluoroscopic examination; images acquired digitally and stored electronically

A

spot image

46
Q

administration of therapeutic dosages of x-radiation or electrons to patient anatomy form a distance, in order to treat malignant tumors

A

teletherapy

47
Q

electrical wire connection between a digital detector and the x-ray generator and computer

A

tether

48
Q

hand-held device used by sonographers to emit and receive ultrasound energies int he production of sonographic images

A

transducer

49
Q

placed crosswise; situated at right angles to the long ais of a part

A

transverse

50
Q

table tilt angle in which the patient’s head and thorax are lower than their legs

A

Trendelenburg tilt

51
Q

pivoting the tube at the point where it is attached to its support; measured and displayed in degrees

A

tube angulation

52
Q

perpendicular to the plane of the horizon

A

vertical

53
Q

device that produces x-rays

A

x-ray tube

54
Q

equipment consisting of the x-ray tube, collimator, and operator controls; permits manipulation of the x-ray tube in many directions for proper positioning

A

x-ray tube head

Positioning 1 (53 decks)

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