Ch. 2 Chest Flashcards
excess of blood that results in part from relaxation of the distal small blood vessels or arterioles
hyperemia
lungs made of a light spongy highly elastic substance called
parenchyma
primary muscle of inspiration
diagphragm
two fused platelike structures that form the anterior wall of the larynx; largest and least mobile of the larynx cartilage
thyroid cartilage
why is the right lung smaller than the left lung and the right hemidiaphragm is positioned higher than the left
presence of liver on right side
in the upper neck just below the tongue or floor of mouth; holds the laynx
hyoid bone
oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the blood through the thin walls of these
alveoli
where is the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage located
C4-5
attached to part of the thyroid cartilage, posterior to the hyoid bone; acts as a lid to the laryngeal opening during swallowing
epiglottis
accumulation of fluid within the cavity is referred to as
pleural effusion
accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity creates a condition called
hemothorax
how far down is T7 from vertebral prominens, both male and female patients
male - 8” (20 cm)
female - 7” (18 cm)
where is the pharynx located and how big is it
posterior between nose and mouth above and the larynx and esophagus below; 5” (13 cm)
on an average adult T7 is how low from the jugular notch
3-4” (8-10 cm)
where exactly in reference to vertebra is the larynx located
C3-C6
superior portion of sternum
manubrium
where is the trachea located in reference to vertebra
C6-T4-5
how big is the larynx
1.5-2” (4-5 cm)
separates the superior and middle lobes of right lung
horizontal fissure
separates the inferior and middle lobe of the right lung
oblique fissure
the left and right primary bronchi/main stem bronchi divide into what
right bronchus -> 3 secondary
bronchi
left bronchus -> 2 secondary bronchi
secondary bronchi in each lobe of a lung subdivide into smaller bronchus called
bronchioles -> terminal bronchioles
gland located inferior to the thyroid gland and anterior and superior to the heart
thymus gland
stimulates bone breakdown to increase calcium in the blood
parathyroid glands
stimulates increased deposition of calcium in the bone lowering blood calcium levels
thyroid gland
located anteriorly in the neck region just below the thyroid cartilage, right and left lobes lying on each side of the trachea
thyroid gland
last tracheal cartilage that provides the trachea into right and left primary bronchi
carina
small, round glands embedded in the posterior surface of each lobe of the thyroid gland; usually 2 to each lobe, 4 total
parathyroid glands
ring of cartilage that forms the inferior and posterior wall of the larynx; attached to the first ring of cartilage of the trachea
cricoid cartilage
make up the roof of the oral cavity, separates nasal cavity from the mouth
hard palate and soft palate
portion of pharynx posterior to the mouth with tongue creating anterior wall; contains the palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils
oropharynx
connects the larynx to the main bronchi, also known as windpipe; fibrous muscular tube
trachea
inferior portion of pharynx that lies above and posterior to the larynx, extending from upper border of epiglottis to where pharynx narrows to join esophagus
laryngopharynx
connects the pharynx with the stomach; posterior to the larynx and trachea
esophagus
smaller, inferior portion of the sternum
xiphoid process
large, center portion of sternum
body
part of the skeleton system that provides a protective framework for the parts of the chest involved with breathing and blood circulation
bony thorax
cagelike cartilaginous structure which serves as the organ of voice
larynx
separates superior and inferior lobes of the left lung
single deep oblique fissure