Ch. 13 Lower GI System Workbook Flashcards
T/F - 0.1% barium sulfate suspension is often instilled before CT enteroclysis
true
T/F - a cleansing bowel prep is not required before a CTC
false
T/F - contrast BEs are performed commonly on patients who have a clinical history of diverticulosis
false
what projection is recommended during a small bowel series
prone PA
T/F - shielding is not recommended during studies of the lower GI tract
false
T/F - if a retention-type enema tip is used, it should be removed after fluoro is completed and before x-ray projections are taken to better visualize the rectal region
false
what kVp is recommended for a small bowel series (single-contrast study)
110-125
what are breathing instructions for a projection taken during a small bowel series
expiration
generally a small bowel series is complete after the contrast media reaches what
ileocecal valve
what type of patient may require 2 14x17 cw IRs for an AP BE projection
hypersthenic
what projections taken during a BE best demonstrates the right colic flexure
RAO and LPO
how much body rotation is required for oblique BE projections
35-45 degrees
in a person with good muscle tone, how long is the entire small intestine
15-18 ft (4.5-5.5m)
what position should be performed if the patient cannot lie prone on the table to visualize the left colic flexure
RPO
what projection during a double contrast BE series best demonstrates the descending colon for possible polyps
right lateral decub
what is the average length of the large intestine
5 ft (1.5m)
what are the 3 divisions of the small intestine in descending order
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
which aspect of the large intestine is best demonstrated with an AP axial projection
rectosigmoid region
what is the advantage of performing an AP axial oblique projection rather than an AP axial
less superimposition of the rectosigmoid segments
what is another term describing the AP and PA axial projections
butterfly
what CR angle is required for the AP axial
30-40 cephalad
what CR angle is required for the PA axial projection
30-40 caudad
which divisions of the small intestine is the shortest
duodenum
what position is recommended for the post evacuation projection taken following a BE
PA prone
what kVp range is recommended for a postevac projection following a BE
90-100
what is recommended kVp range for oblique projections taken during a single contrast BE study
110-125
in which two abdominal quadrants would the majority of the jejunum be found
LUQ and LLQ
which division of the small intestine has a feathery or coiled-spring appearance during a small bowel series
jejunum
what is the recommended kVp range for oblique projections taken during a double contrast study
90-100
what medication can be given to minimize colonic spasm during a BE
glucagon
which division of the small intestine is the longest
ileum
how many sections of the colon are there and how many flexures
4 sections and 2 flexures
what are the two functions of the ileocecal valve
-prevents contents of the ileum from passing too quickly into cecum
- prevents reflux back into ileum
what is another term for appendix
vermiform appendix
longest aspect of the large intestine
transverse colon
widest portion of the large intestine
cecum
aspect of small intestine that is the smallest in diameter but longest in length
ileum
shortest aspect of small intestine
duodenum
lies in pelvis but possesses a wide freedom of motion
sigmoid colon
makes up 40% of the small intestine
jejunum
found between cecum and transverse colon
ascending colon
how long is the average small bowel if removed and stretched out during autopsy
23ft (7m)
what is the term for the 3 bands of muscle that pulls the large intestine into pouches
taeniae coli
what are the pouches or sacculation’s formed by the taeniae coli, seen along the large intestine called
haustra
which portion of the small intestine is located primarily to the left of the midline
jejunum
which portion of the small intestine is located primarily in the right lower quadrant
ileum
which portion of the small intestine has the smoothest internal lining and does not present a feathery appearance when barium filled
ileum
which quadrant does the terminal ileum connect with the large intestine
RLQ
what is the widest portion of the large intestine
cecum
which two aspects of the large intestine are not considered part of the colon
- cecum
- rectum
a blind pouch inferior to the ileocecal valve
appendix
distal part, also called the iliac colon
descending colon
which flexure of the large intestine usually extends more superiorly
left colic (splenic)
inflammation of the vermiform appendix
appendicitis
what is an older term for the mucosal folds found within the jejunum
plicae circulares
which structures will fill with air during a double contrast BE with the patient supine
transverse colon and sigmoid colon
which aspect of the GI tract is primarily responsible for digestion, absorption, and reabsorption
small intestine
which aspect of the GI tract is responsible for the synthesis and absorption of vitamins B and K and amino acids
large intestine