Ch. 2 Chest - Pathology

Question 1

exposure adjustment for epiglottitis

Answer 1

Soft tissue (decreased)

Question 2

name for occupational lung diseases due to inhalation of dust

Answer 2

pneumoconiosis

Question 3

condition rather than disease, collapse of all or a portion of a lung occurs as a result of obstruction of the bronchus or puncture or “blowout” of an air passageway

Answer 3

atelectasis

Question 4

bronchitis of both lungs that most commonly is caused by streptococcus

Answer 4

bronchopneumonia

Question 5

exposure adjustment for reactivation (secondary) tuberculosis

Answer 5

slight increase

Question 6

exposure adjustment for emphysema

Answer 6

significantly decreased

Question 7

an accumulation of air in the pleural space that causes partial or complete collapse of the lung and results in immediate and severe shortness of breath and chest pain

Answer 7

pneumothorax

Question 8

caused by inhalation of asbestos dust (fibers), which results in pulmonary fibrosis, may develop into lung cancer

Answer 8

asbestosis

Question 9

pneumonia that causes inflammation of the alveoli and connection lung structures

Answer 9

viral (interstitial) pneumonia

Question 10

an acute or chronic condition in which excessive mucous is secreted into the bronchi, causing cough and shortness of breath. Chief cause is cigarette smoking

Answer 10

bronchitis

Question 11

infectious bronchitis is caused by what

Answer 11

viruses or bacteria

Question 12

exposure adjustment for aspiration

Answer 12

Soft tissue (decreased)

Question 13

serious life threatening condition, which can develop very rapidly; edema or swelling at the point of the epiglottis

Answer 13

epiglottitis

Question 14

irreversible and chronic lung disease in which air spaces in the alveoli become greatly enlarged as a result of alveolar wall destruction and loss of alveolar elasticity

Answer 14

emphysema

Question 15

condition of excess fluid within the lung that most frequently is caused by a backup in pulmonary circulation commonly associated with congestive heart failure

Answer 15

pulmonary edema

Question 16

permanent condition of the lungs that is caused by inhalation of quartz dust - sand dust

Answer 16

silicosis

Question 17

most common of inherited diseases, condition in which secretions of heavy mucous cause progressive “clogging” of bronchi and bronchioles

Answer 17

cystic fibrosis

Question 18

atherosclerotic disease affecting the blood supply to the brain

Answer 18

cerebrovascular accident (CVA); stroke

Question 19

a form of persistent obstruction of the airways that usually causes difficulty in emptying the lungs of air; smoking is predominant cause

Answer 19

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 20

when foreign objects are swallowed or aspirated into the air passages of the bronchial tree

Answer 20

aspiration

Question 21

form of pneumonia caused by aspiration of a foreign object or food into the lungs, which irritates the bronchi resulting in edema

Answer 21

aspiration pneumonia

Question 22

as plaque accumulates in the coronary arteries, blood supply to the heart muscle is decreased, resulting in ischemia and myocardial damage

Answer 22

coronary artery disease (CAD)

Question 23

contagious disease (potentially fatal) that is caused by airborne bacteria

Answer 23

tuberculosis (TB)

Question 24

most common forms of COPD

Answer 24

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 25

abnormal accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity

Answer 25

hemothorax

Question 26

coughing up blood

Answer 26

hemoptysis

Question 27

occurs when abnormal accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

Answer 27

empyema

Question 28

a localized ballooning or out-punching of a vessel wall as a result of weakening due to atherosclerotic disease, trauma, infection or congenital defects

Answer 28

aneurysm

Question 29

what is the main cause of bronchitis

Answer 29

cigarette smoking

Question 30

exposure adjustment for pleural effusion - empyema or hemothorax

Answer 30

increase

Question 31

an emergent condition in which the alveoli and capillaries of the lung are injured or infected, resulting in leakage of fluid and blood into the spaces between alveoli or into the alveoli themselves with formation of hyaline membranes

Answer 31

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Question 32

what is respiratory distress syndrome in infants called

Answer 32

hyaline membrane disease (HMD)

Question 33

calcified radiopaque masses or nodules usually indicated what type of lung neoplasm

Answer 33

benign

Question 34

most common benign pulmonary mass, generally is found in peripheral regions of the lungs

Answer 34

hamartoma

Question 35

exposure adjustment for atelectasis

Answer 35

increase

Question 36

characterized by inflammation (usually caused by virus or bacterium) of the pleura surrounding the lungs; the cause is visceral and parietal pleura "rubbing" during respiration, results in severe pain

Answer 36

pleurisy

Question 37

pneumonia that generally is confined to one or two lobes of the lungs

Answer 37

lobar pneumonia

Question 38

condition of abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity

Answer 38

pleural effusion

Question 39

Tuberculosis that occurs in persons who have never had the disease before

Answer 39

Primary tuberculosis

Question 40

occurs when the heart is unable to propel blood at a sufficient rate and volume which results in congestion of the subcirculatory system and does not allow a sufficient supply of blood to reach tissues of the body

Answer 40

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Question 41

exposure adjustment for cystic fibrosis

Answer 41

increase in severe cases

Question 42

irreversible dilation or widening or bronchi or bronchioles that may result from repeated pulmonary infection or constriction. Areas of bronchial walls are destroyed adn become chronically inflamed, resulting in increased production of mucous and causing chronic cough and expectoration

Answer 42

bronchiectasis

Question 43

exposure adjustment for pulmonary edema

Answer 43

increase in severe cases

Question 44

condition of shortness of breath, which creates a sensation of difficulty in breathing; most common in older people

Answer 44

dyspnea

Question 45

exposure adjustment for RDS or HMD

Answer 45

increase

Question 46

caused by deposits of coal dust; also called black lung pneumoconiosis

Answer 46

anthracosis

Question 47

an inflammation of the lungs that results in accumulation of fluid within certain sections of the lungs, creating increased radiodensities in these regions

Answer 47

pneumonia

Question 48

sudden blockage of artery in lung

Answer 48

pulmonary emboli