Ch. 2 Chest - Pathology Flashcards
exposure adjustment for epiglottitis
Soft tissue (decreased)
name for occupational lung diseases due to inhalation of dust
pneumoconiosis
condition rather than disease, collapse of all or a portion of a lung occurs as a result of obstruction of the bronchus or puncture or “blowout” of an air passageway
atelectasis
bronchitis of both lungs that most commonly is caused by streptococcus
bronchopneumonia
exposure adjustment for reactivation (secondary) tuberculosis
slight increase
exposure adjustment for emphysema
significantly decreased
an accumulation of air in the pleural space that causes partial or complete collapse of the lung and results in immediate and severe shortness of breath and chest pain
pneumothorax
caused by inhalation of asbestos dust (fibers), which results in pulmonary fibrosis, may develop into lung cancer
asbestosis
pneumonia that causes inflammation of the alveoli and connection lung structures
viral (interstitial) pneumonia
an acute or chronic condition in which excessive mucous is secreted into the bronchi, causing cough and shortness of breath. Chief cause is cigarette smoking
bronchitis
infectious bronchitis is caused by what
viruses or bacteria
exposure adjustment for aspiration
Soft tissue (decreased)
serious life threatening condition, which can develop very rapidly; edema or swelling at the point of the epiglottis
epiglottitis
irreversible and chronic lung disease in which air spaces in the alveoli become greatly enlarged as a result of alveolar wall destruction and loss of alveolar elasticity
emphysema
condition of excess fluid within the lung that most frequently is caused by a backup in pulmonary circulation commonly associated with congestive heart failure
pulmonary edema
permanent condition of the lungs that is caused by inhalation of quartz dust - sand dust
silicosis
most common of inherited diseases, condition in which secretions of heavy mucous cause progressive “clogging” of bronchi and bronchioles
cystic fibrosis
atherosclerotic disease affecting the blood supply to the brain
cerebrovascular accident (CVA); stroke
a form of persistent obstruction of the airways that usually causes difficulty in emptying the lungs of air; smoking is predominant cause
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
when foreign objects are swallowed or aspirated into the air passages of the bronchial tree
aspiration
form of pneumonia caused by aspiration of a foreign object or food into the lungs, which irritates the bronchi resulting in edema
aspiration pneumonia
as plaque accumulates in the coronary arteries, blood supply to the heart muscle is decreased, resulting in ischemia and myocardial damage
coronary artery disease (CAD)
contagious disease (potentially fatal) that is caused by airborne bacteria
tuberculosis (TB)
most common forms of COPD
chronic bronchitis and emphysema
abnormal accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity
hemothorax
coughing up blood
hemoptysis
occurs when abnormal accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity
empyema
a localized ballooning or out-punching of a vessel wall as a result of weakening due to atherosclerotic disease, trauma, infection or congenital defects
aneurysm
what is the main cause of bronchitis
cigarette smoking
exposure adjustment for pleural effusion - empyema or hemothorax
increase
an emergent condition in which the alveoli and capillaries of the lung are injured or infected, resulting in leakage of fluid and blood into the spaces between alveoli or into the alveoli themselves with formation of hyaline membranes
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
what is respiratory distress syndrome in infants called
hyaline membrane disease (HMD)
calcified radiopaque masses or nodules usually indicated what type of lung neoplasm
benign
most common benign pulmonary mass, generally is found in peripheral regions of the lungs
hamartoma
exposure adjustment for atelectasis
increase
characterized by inflammation (usually caused by virus or bacterium) of the pleura surrounding the lungs; the cause is visceral and parietal pleura “rubbing” during respiration, results in severe pain
pleurisy
pneumonia that generally is confined to one or two lobes of the lungs
lobar pneumonia
condition of abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity
pleural effusion
Tuberculosis that occurs in persons who have never had the disease before
Primary tuberculosis
occurs when the heart is unable to propel blood at a sufficient rate and volume which results in congestion of the subcirculatory system and does not allow a sufficient supply of blood to reach tissues of the body
congestive heart failure (CHF)
exposure adjustment for cystic fibrosis
increase in severe cases
irreversible dilation or widening or bronchi or bronchioles that may result from repeated pulmonary infection or constriction. Areas of bronchial walls are destroyed adn become chronically inflamed, resulting in increased production of mucous and causing chronic cough and expectoration
bronchiectasis
exposure adjustment for pulmonary edema
increase in severe cases
condition of shortness of breath, which creates a sensation of difficulty in breathing; most common in older people
dyspnea
exposure adjustment for RDS or HMD
increase
caused by deposits of coal dust; also called black lung pneumoconiosis
anthracosis
an inflammation of the lungs that results in accumulation of fluid within certain sections of the lungs, creating increased radiodensities in these regions
pneumonia
sudden blockage of artery in lung
pulmonary emboli
