Patient Care Book Ch. 23 Contrast Media and Introduction to Radiopharmaceuticals Flashcards
contains carbon double bonded to an oxygen, sing bonded to another oxygen, and a negative charge at the pH of the body
acid group
contains nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms
amine group
resembling an immune system response to foreign material (antigen)
anaphylactoid
numbers of protons in the nuclei of the different elements
atomic numbers
BUN test can reveal whether the urea nitrogen levels are higher than normal, suggesting that the kidneys or liver may not be working properly
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
interactions between electrons of atoms that hold the atoms together in a stable group; line drawn between atoms indicates a bond H-O-H
bond
involuntary constriction of the bronchial tubes usually resulting from an immune system reaction to a foreign particle or molecule
bronchospasm
substance composed of two or more elements combined in definite ratios that give the substance specific properties
compound
factors of a patient’s history or present status that indicate that a medical procedure should not be performed or that a medication should not be given
contraindications
nitrogen-containing waste products of metabolism excreted by the kidney’s filtration system; high blood plasma levels indicate poor filtration by the kidney
creatinine
compound formed by bonding of two identical simpler molecules
dimer
leakage from a vessel into the tissue
extravasation
formation of flaky masses resulting from precipitation or coming out of a suspension or solution
flocculation
molecular substance containing an amine group; causes bronchial constriction and a decrease in blood pressure
histamine
common chemical group, part of the water molecule, containing one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen; carries a negative charge (anion) when not a part of a molecule
hydroxyl
atom or molecule having a negative charge (anion) or positive charge (cation)
ionic
common biochemical groups containing one carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms
methyl groups
stable groups of bonded atoms having specific chemical properties
molecules
simple molecules of a compound of relatively low molecular weight
monomers
measurement of the number of particles (molecules or ions or cations) that can be crowd out water molecules in a measured mass (kilogram) of water
osmolality
movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane such as blood vessel walls and cell membranes
osmosis
relative acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a solution; pH below 7.0 is acidic and has more hydrogen cations than hydroxyl anions, whereas pH above 7.0 is alkaline and has more hydroxyl anions than hydrogen cations
pH
pharmaceutical compound that is attached to a radioisotope
radiopharmaceutical
inadequate blood flow within the body with resulting loss of oxygen and therefore energy
shock
uniform mixture of two or more substances composed of molecule-sized particles that do not react together chemically
solution
nonuniform mixture of two or more substances, one of which is composed of larger-than-molecule-size particles that have a tendency to cluster together
suspension
exogenous substances that can be administered to a patient to enhance ultrasonic signals. these can be administered either in the blood pool or in a cavity of the body
ultrasound contrast agents (UCA)
