Patient Care Book Ch. 23 Contrast Media and Introduction to Radiopharmaceuticals

Question 1

contains carbon double bonded to an oxygen, sing bonded to another oxygen, and a negative charge at the pH of the body

Answer 1

acid group

Question 2

contains nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms

Answer 2

amine group

Question 3

resembling an immune system response to foreign material (antigen)

Answer 3

anaphylactoid

Question 4

numbers of protons in the nuclei of the different elements

Answer 4

atomic numbers

Question 5

BUN test can reveal whether the urea nitrogen levels are higher than normal, suggesting that the kidneys or liver may not be working properly

Answer 5

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Question 6

interactions between electrons of atoms that hold the atoms together in a stable group; line drawn between atoms indicates a bond H-O-H

Answer 6

bond

Question 7

involuntary constriction of the bronchial tubes usually resulting from an immune system reaction to a foreign particle or molecule

Answer 7

bronchospasm

Question 8

substance composed of two or more elements combined in definite ratios that give the substance specific properties

Answer 8

compound

Question 9

factors of a patient’s history or present status that indicate that a medical procedure should not be performed or that a medication should not be given

Answer 9

contraindications

Question 10

nitrogen-containing waste products of metabolism excreted by the kidney’s filtration system; high blood plasma levels indicate poor filtration by the kidney

Answer 10

creatinine

Question 11

compound formed by bonding of two identical simpler molecules

Answer 11

dimer

Question 12

leakage from a vessel into the tissue

Answer 12

extravasation

Question 13

formation of flaky masses resulting from precipitation or coming out of a suspension or solution

Answer 13

flocculation

Question 14

molecular substance containing an amine group; causes bronchial constriction and a decrease in blood pressure

Answer 14

histamine

Question 15

common chemical group, part of the water molecule, containing one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen; carries a negative charge (anion) when not a part of a molecule

Answer 15

hydroxyl

Question 16

atom or molecule having a negative charge (anion) or positive charge (cation)

Answer 16

ionic

Question 17

common biochemical groups containing one carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms

Answer 17

methyl groups

Question 18

stable groups of bonded atoms having specific chemical properties

Answer 18

molecules

Question 19

simple molecules of a compound of relatively low molecular weight

Answer 19

monomers

Question 20

measurement of the number of particles (molecules or ions or cations) that can be crowd out water molecules in a measured mass (kilogram) of water

Answer 20

osmolality

Question 21

movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane such as blood vessel walls and cell membranes

Answer 21

osmosis

Question 22

relative acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a solution; pH below 7.0 is acidic and has more hydrogen cations than hydroxyl anions, whereas pH above 7.0 is alkaline and has more hydroxyl anions than hydrogen cations

Answer 22

pH

Question 23

pharmaceutical compound that is attached to a radioisotope

Answer 23

radiopharmaceutical

Question 24

inadequate blood flow within the body with resulting loss of oxygen and therefore energy

Answer 24

shock

Question 25

uniform mixture of two or more substances composed of molecule-sized particles that do not react together chemically

Answer 25

solution

Question 26

nonuniform mixture of two or more substances, one of which is composed of larger-than-molecule-size particles that have a tendency to cluster together

Answer 26

suspension

Question 27

exogenous substances that can be administered to a patient to enhance ultrasonic signals. these can be administered either in the blood pool or in a cavity of the body

Answer 27

ultrasound contrast agents (UCA)