Ch. 7 Femur and Pelvic Girdle

Question 1

longest and strongest bone in the body

Answer 1

femur

Question 2

proximal femur consists of 4 essential parts:

Answer 2

head, neck, greater trochanter, and lesser trochanter

Question 3

depression/pit near the center of the head of the femur

Answer 3

fovea capitis

Question 4

fovea capitis provides attachment for what

Answer 4

ligament of the head of the femur/ligament capitis femoris

Question 5

strong, pyramidal process of bone that connects the head with the body or shaft in the region of the trochanters on the femur

Answer 5

neck

Question 6

larger prominence located superiorly and laterally to the femoral shaft and is palpable as a bony landmark

Answer 6

greater trochanter

Question 7

smaller, blunt, conical eminence that projects medially and posteriorly from the junction of the neck and shaft of the femur

Answer 7

lesser trochanter

Question 8

the trochanters are joined posteriorly by a thick ridge called

Answer 8

intertrochanteric crest

Question 9

what is the angle of the neck to the shaft of a femur on an average adult

Answer 9

125 degrees with variation of 15 degrees

Question 10

in a long legged person with a narrow pelvis how would the angle of the femur change

Answer 10

femur would be more vertical, increasing angle of neck (140)

Question 11

in a shorter person with a wider pelvis how would the angle of the neck of the femur change

Answer 11

angle would be less (110-115)

Question 12

on an average adult in the anatomic position, the longitudindal plane of the femur is

Answer 12

10 degrees from vertical

Question 13

what does the vertical angle of the femur look like on a shorter person with a wide pelvis

Answer 13

more of a vertical angle (15 degrees)

Question 14

what does the vertical angle of the femur look like on a taller person with a narrow pelvis

Answer 14

less of an angle from vertical (5 degrees)

Question 15

how is the head and neck of the femur placed in relation to the body of the femur

Answer 15

15-20 degrees anteriorly angled

Question 16

how must the patient be positioned in order to get the femoral neck parallel to the IR and get a true AP projection of the proximal femur

Answer 16

femur and lower leg rotated 15-20 degrees internally

Question 17

serves as the base of the trunk and forms the connection between the vertebral column and lower limbs

Answer 17

complete pelvis

Question 18

what four bones do the pelvis consists of

Answer 18

2 hip bones (innominate bones/ossa coxae), sacrum, coccyx

Question 19

what does the sacrum articulate with superiorly

Answer 19

5th lumbar vertebra

Question 20

what does the sacrum and 5th lumbar vertebra form

Answer 20

lumbosacral joint (L5-S1 joint)

Question 21

the right and left hip (iliac) bones articulate posteriorly with what

Answer 21

sacrum

Question 22

what does the right and left hip (iliac) bones and the sacrum form

Answer 22

sacroiliac joints

Question 23

which two bones are also considered part of the distal vertebral column

Answer 23

sacrum and coccyx

Question 24

3 divisions of the hip bones

Answer 24

ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 25

when do your hip bones fuse together as one bone

Answer 25

middle teens

Question 26

what area does the fusion of the 3 sections of the hip bone occur

Answer 26

area of the acetabulum

Question 27

deep, cup-shaped cavity that accepts the head of the femur to form the hip joint

Answer 27

acetabulum

Question 28

largest of the 3 divisions of the hip bone

Answer 28

ilium

Question 29

section of the hip bone located superior to the acetabulum

Answer 29

ilium

Question 30

section of the hip bone located inferior and posterior to the acetabulum

Answer 30

ischium

Question 31

section of the hip bone located inferior and anterior to the acetabulum

Answer 31

pubis

Question 32

the ilium is composed of what

Answer 32

a body and an ala/wing

Question 33

what part of the ilium is the body

Answer 33

more inferior portion near the acetabulum, includes the superior 2/5ths of the acetabulum

Question 34

thin flared superior part of the ilium

Answer 34

wing/ala of the ileum

Question 35

superior margin of the ala

Answer 35

crest of the ilium, extending from ASIS to posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

Question 36

upper most peak of the crest of the ilium

Answer 36

iliac crest

Question 37

below the ASIS is a less prominent projection referred to as

Answer 37

anterior inferior iliac spine

Question 38

inferior to the PSIS

Answer 38

posterior inferior iliac spine

Question 39

two important positioning landmarks on the ilium

Answer 39

iliac crest and ASIS

Question 40

part of the hip bone that lies inferior and posterior to the acetabulum

Answer 40

ischium

Question 41

what is the ischium divided into

Answer 41

body and a ramus

Question 42

superior portion of the body of the ischium makes up this

Answer 42

posteroinferior 2/5ths of the acetabulum

Question 43

the lower portion of the body of the ischium is formerly called what

Answer 43

superior ramus

Question 44

portion of the ischium that projects caudally and medially from the acetabulum, ending at the ischial tuberosity

Answer 44

lower portion of the body of the ischium

Question 45

projecting anteriorly from the ischial tuberosity

Answer 45

ramus of the ischium

Question 46

rounded roughened area near the junction of the lower body and the inferior rami is a landmark called

Answer 46

tuberosity of the ischium; ischial tuberosity

Question 47

posterior to the acetabulum is a bony projection termed what

Answer 47

ischial spine

Question 48

T/F a small part of the ischial spine is visible on a frontal view of the pelvis

Answer 48

true

Question 49

directly superior to the ischial spine is a deep notch termed what

Answer 49

greater sciatic notch

Question 50

inferior to the ischial spine is a smaller notch termed what

Answer 50

lesser sciatic notch

Question 51

what bears most of the weight of the body when sitting

Answer 51

ischial tuberosity

Question 52

anterior and inferior to the acetabulum and includes the anteroinferior 1/5th of the acetablulum

Answer 52

body of the pubis/pubic bone

Question 53

extending anteriorly and medially from the body of each pubis

Answer 53

superior ramus

Question 54

the two superior rami meet in the midline to form this

Answer 54

symphysis pubis; pubic symphysis

Question 55

what type of joint is the symphysis pubis

Answer 55

amphiarthrodial joint

Question 56

each inferior ramus passes down and posterior from the symphysis pubis to joint this

Answer 56

ramus of the respective ischium

Question 57

large opening formed by the ramus and body of each ischium and by the pubis

Answer 57

obturator foramen

Question 58

largest foramen in the human skeleton

Answer 58

obturator foramen

Question 59

commonly used to check for rotation of the pelvis and/or lower abdomen by determination of whether the distance between them and the tabletop is equal on both sides

Answer 59

ASIS

Question 60

prominence of the greater trochanter is at about the same level as what

Answer 60

superior border of the symphysis pubis

Question 61

where are the ischial tuberosities in relation to the symphysis pubis

Answer 61

1 1/2 - 2" (4-5 cm) below the symphysis pubis, but vary between males and females

Question 62

a plane through this part of the pelvis divides the pelvic area into two cavities

Answer 62

brim of the pelvis

Question 63

the superior portion of the symphysis pubis anteriorly and the superior, prominent part of the sacrum posteriorly forms this

Answer 63

pelvic brim

Question 64

general area above or superior to the oblique plane through the pelvic brim

Answer 64

greater/false pelvis

Question 65

these form the lateral and posterior limits of the false pelvis

Answer 65

flared portion of the pelvis, formed primarily by the alae/wings of the ilia

Question 66

these define the anterior limits of the false pelvis

Answer 66

abdominal muscles of the anterior wall

Question 67

the lower abdominal organs and the fetus within a pregnant uterus rest on this

Answer 67

floor of the greater pelvis/false pelvis

Question 68

the area inferior to a plane through the pelvic brim

Answer 68

lesser/true pelvis

Question 69

cavity that is completely surrounded by bony structures

Answer 69

true pelvis

Question 70

size and shape of the true pelvis are of greatest important during what

Answer 70

the birth process due to the true pelvis forming the actual birth canal

Question 71

the oblique plane defined by the brim of the pelvis is termed what of the true pelvis

Answer 71

inlet/superior aperture

Question 72

the oblique plane defined by the ischial tuberosities and the tip of the coccyx of the true pelvis

Answer 72

outlet or inferior aperture

Question 73

what are the 3 sides of the triangularly shaped outlet formed by

Answer 73

line between ischial tuberosities and a line between each ischial tuberosity and the coccyx

Question 74

what is the area between the inlet and outlet of the true pelvis termed

Answer 74

cavity of the true pelvis

Question 75

during routine delivery what does the baby's head travel through in order

Answer 75

pelvic inlet, midcavity, pelvic outlet

Question 76

what is used if dimensions of the birth canal of the pelvis are in question during pregnancy

Answer 76

ultrasound

Question 77

describing the sturdy, ringlike structure formed by the union of the ilium, ischium, and pubic bones, along with the sacrum and coccyx

Answer 77

pelvic ring

Question 78

round shape of human pelvic inlet

Answer 78

gynecoid

Question 79

wider right to left than anterior to posterior human pelvic inlet

Answer 79

platypelloid

Question 80

heart shaped human pelvic inlet

Answer 80

android

Question 81

wider anterior to posterior than right to left human pelvic inlet

Answer 81

anthropoid

Question 82

this pelvis is wider, with the ilia more flared and more shallow from font to back

Answer 82

female pelvis - gynecoid or platypelloid

Question 83

this pelvis is more narrow, and deeper, less flared with a heart-shaped pelvic inlet

Answer 83

male pelvis - anthropoid or android

Question 84

angle of the pubic arch of a female pelvis

Answer 84

80-85 degreses

Question 85

angle of the pubic arch of a male pelvis

Answer 85

50-60 degrees

Question 86

whose ischial spines project more medially

Answer 86

males

Question 87

ischial spines are more visible along the lateral margins of the pelvic cavity in the AP pelvis projection in who

Answer 87

males

Question 88

joints between the sacrum and each ilium

Answer 88

sacroiliac joints

Question 89

structure between the right and left pubic bones

Answer 89

symphysis pubis

Question 90

temporary growth joint of each acetabulum that solidifies in the midteen years

Answer 90

union of acetabulum

Question 91

joints between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis

Answer 91

hip joints

Question 92

what type of joint is the sacroiliac joint

Answer 92

synovial - irregular gliding

Question 93

what type of joint is the symphysis pubis

Answer 93

cartilaginous - symphysis, amphiarthrodial type

Question 94

what type of joint is the union of the acetabulum

Answer 94

cartilaginous - synchondrosis, synarthrodial (non movable)

Question 95

what type of joint is the hip joint

Answer 95

synovial - ball and socket (spheroidal)

Question 96

thickest part of the articular capsule surrounding the hip joint

Answer 96

superior portion

Question 97

how long is the neck of the femur

Answer 97

2 1/2" (6-7 cm)

Question 98

how far is the head of the femur in relation to the midline between ASIS and pubic symphysis

Answer 98

1 1/2" (4 cm)

Question 99

long-standing traditional method to locate femoral head and neck

Answer 99

draw straight line between ASIS and pubic symphysis, halfway and at a right angle and distal to this line you can locate the head - 1 1/2" and the neck - 2 1/2" from this point

Question 100

where is the femoral neck in relation to ASIS

Answer 100

1-2" (3-5 cm) medial and 3-4" (8-10 cm) distal to ASIS

Question 101

when the leg is in a true anatomic position, true AP leg, how is the proximal femur positioned

Answer 101

proximal femur is rotated posteriorly 15-20 degrees and the lesser trochanter is visible

Question 102

how do you get the proximal femur and hip joint into a true AP position

Answer 102

internally rotate entire lower leg so that the neck of the femur is parallel with the IR

Question 103

when the lesser trochanter isn't visible or is only slightly visible what does this indicate

Answer 103

entire leg is internally rotated full 15-20 degrees (true AP of proximal femur/hip joint)

Question 104

common fracture site for an older patient who has fallen

Answer 104

femoral neck

Question 105

physical sign for a femoral neck fracture

Answer 105

external rotation of foot involved - lesser trochanter is clearly visualized in profile

Question 106

if evidence of a hip fracture is present how should the radiograph be taken

Answer 106

AS IS, do not attempt to rotate the leg internally

Question 107

what position visualizes the femoral head and neck in profile

Answer 107

15-20 internal rotation of feet

Question 108

what position greatly foreshortens the femoral necks

Answer 108

external rotation of feet

Question 109

what position partially foreshortens the femoral necks

Answer 109

anatomic position

Question 110

what position puts the feet an a normal relaxed position

Answer 110

external rotation of feet

Question 111

what position visualizes the lesser trochanters in profile

Answer 111

external rotation of feet

Question 112

patients who have undergone hip replacement surgery should not be place in this position for any postsurgical procedures

Answer 112

frog-leg position

Question 113

this modality is useful for evaluating soft tissue involvement of lesions or determining the extent of fractures

Answer 113

CT

Question 114

this modality is useful for studying the relationship of the femoral head to the acetabulum before hip surgery or for performing a postreduction study of a developmental hip dislocation

Answer 114

CT

Question 115

this modality can be useful for imaging the lower limb or pelvis when soft tissue injuries or possible abnormalities related to joints are suspected

Answer 115

MRI

Question 116

this modality is useful for evaluating newborns for hip dislocations and for assessing joint stability during movement of the lower limbs

Answer 116

sonography

Question 117

sonography is usually selected during what time of infancy

Answer 117

first 4-6 months

Question 118

this modality can be useful in providing early evidence of certain bony pathologic processes, such as occult fractures, bone infections, metastatic carcinoma, or other metastatic or primary malignancy

Answer 118

nuclear medicine